HUMAN ANATOMY Chapter 2 Kinesiology Books Publisher 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS • Introduction • Terms and Concepts Worth Knowing • The Musculoskeletal System Kinesiology Books Publisher 2

INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF MY BODY? Human Anatomy: The study of the structures that make up the human body and how those structures relate to each other. Structure determines function: The structures of the human body are well-designed for efficient movement. Kinesiology Books Publisher 3

TERMS AND CONCEPTS WORTH KNOWING Kinesiology Books Publisher 4

ANATOMICAL POSITION Kinesiology Books Publisher 5

DESCRIPTION Standing erect Facing forward Arms hanging at the sides Palms facing forward and the thumbs outward • Legs straight • Heels, feet and great toes parallel to each other • • The starting reference point for describing the human body It is universally accepted It is used in all anatomical descriptions Kinesiology Books Publisher 6

DIRECTIONAL TERMS Kinesiology Books Publisher 7

REMINDER: All directional terms are based on the assumption that the body is in the anatomical position. Kinesiology Books Publisher 8

Midline Lateral-Medial Lateral – Away from the midline of the body Lateral Medial – Toward the midline – E. g. , Your ears are lateral to your cheeks and your cheeks are medial to your ears Kinesiology Books Publisher 9

Distal-Proximal Distal – Further from some specified region Proximal – Closer to some specified region E. g. , With respect to the trunk, the hands are distal to the arms and the arms are proximal to the hands. E. g. , With respect to nerves and blood vessels, proximal also means "toward the origin" and distal means "away from the origin" E. g. , The colon is the distal portion and stomach is the proximal portion of the digestive tract Thigh is proximal to the leg Leg is distal to the thigh Leg is proximal to the foot Foot is distal to the leg Kinesiology Books Publisher 10

Anterior-Posterior Anterior Skeleton Posterior Skeleton Anterior – In front of or front of your body – Posterior – Behind or back of your body – E. g. , Your lips are anterior to your teeth and your teeth are posterior to your lips – E. g. , In the anatomical position, your palms are facing anteriorly Kinesiology Books Publisher 11

Superior-Inferior Superior – Above – Inferior – Below – E. g. , Your lips are superior to your chin and your chin is inferior to your lips The collar bone is superior to the rib cage The hip bone is inferior to the rib cage Kinesiology Books Publisher 12