http vilenski orgsciencesafaricellstructurechloroplasts html REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8

http: //vilenski. org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts. html REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8 -3 http: //www. science. siu. edu/plant-biology/PLB 117/JPEGs%20 CD/0076. JPG

Remember from CELL BIO Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________ CHLOROPLASTS http: //www. science. siu. edu/plant-biology/PLB 117/JPEGs%20 CD/0076. JPG

See a video clip about the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION (Part 1) 8 C

PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS THYLAKOIDS = sac-like photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplast GRANUM (pl. grana) = stack of thylakoids Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

THYLAKOID SPACES STROMA Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding thylakoid sac Gel-filled space Inside thylakoid sac cytoplasm Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane http: //www. science. siu. edu/plant-biology/PLB 117/JPEGs%20 CD/0076. JPG

PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS Proteins that are part of the thylakoid membrane organize Light absorbing PIGMENTS ________________ into clusters called ___________ PHOTOSYSTEMS http: //www. science. siu. edu/plant-biology/PLB 117/JPEGs%20 CD/0076. JPG

LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY CARRIERS Molecule that carries ATP = _______ Molecule that carries HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS NADP+ = ______ Images by Riedell

Frying pan image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006 HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too ______ NADP+ is one of the carriers that cells use to transport high energy electrons. + 2 e H ____ + _____ → _______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light & Water Light-Dependent Reaction Oxygen ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide Light-Independent Reactions SUGAR (CH 2 O)n

LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE ATP SYNTHASE ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM I OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I? It was discovered and named 1 st PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM I Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

See a video clip about the LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION (Part 2) 8 D

http: //www. newtonswindow. com/problem-solving. htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Molecules move automatically from “where there’s A LOT” to “where there’s NOT” Animatioin from: http: //www. biologycorner. com/resources/diffusion-animated. gif

http: //www. newtonswindow. com/problem-solving. htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Diffusion happens anytime there is a difference in concentration in one place compared to another CONCENTRATION GRADIENT = ____________

http: //www. newtonswindow. com/problem-solving. htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Diffusion can happen across membranes TOO …as long as membrane will let molecule through

Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS See an animation about the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN SEE A MOVIE ATP SYNTHASE IN ACTION http: //www. stolaf. edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn 1. sw http: //www. stolaf. edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis. swf

LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION LIGHT Requires _______ Molecules are part of. THYLAKOID ________ membranes Made up of _________ PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I connected by ___________ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE & __________ Uses light energy to change ATP ADP + P → _______ NADPH NADP+ + 2 e- + H + → _____ H 20 molecules and Breaks apart ______ releases _______ oxygen

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light & Water Light-Dependent Reaction Oxygen ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide Light-Independent Reactions CALVIN CYCLE (CH 2 O)n

PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

CO 2 Enters the Cycle Calvin Cycle Energy Input 5 -Carbon Molecules Regenerated 6 -Carbon Sugar Produced Sugars and other compounds See Calvin cycle animation

CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT INDEPENDENT (also called _____________) DOES NOT require ______ LIGHT ______ Happens in _____ STROMA between thylakoids Hydrogen + electrons NADPH donates ________ ENERGY ATP donates _________ Carbon & oxygen CO 2 donates _______ GLUCOSE to make _____ http: //www. estrellamountain. edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/Bio. Book. CHEM 2. html

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER __________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so slow or stop A shortage of water can ________ photosynthesis Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. http: //www. hononegah. org/departments/Anderson/cactus. JPG

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis TEMPERATURE Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally http: //www. sustland. umn. edu/maint/images/evergreen 10. jpg

REMEMBER CELL BIO Enzymes work BEST at a certain temperature p. H and _____. ___ Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins DENATURE to unwind or _____ http: //www. desktopfotos. de/Downloads/melt_cd. jpg http: //www. nealbrownstudio. com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg. jpg

Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work HOMEOSTASIS (keeping p. H and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function. Image from: http: //www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Bio. Book. CHEM 2. html

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY __________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis See effect of light experiment http: //www. teachnet. ie/foneill/exper. htm http: //206. 173. 89. 42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20 sun%20 with%20 sunglasses. gif

THE BIG PICTURE PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides OXYGEN the _______ we breathe and the _____ sugars heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive Carbon WATER dioxide + _____________ Sugars Oxygen ________ + ______

Concept Map Section 8 -3 Photosynthesis includes Lightdependent reactions Calvin cycle use take place in Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes to produce ATP NADPH Go to Section: O 2 takes place in Stroma uses ATP NADPH of to produce Chloroplasts High-energy sugars