http video google comvideoplay docid947314193225575812qgettyimagesbraintotal73start50num10so0typesearchplindex5 The Human Brain
http: //video. google. com/videoplay? docid=947314193225575812&q=getty+images+brain&total=73&start=50&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=5 The Human Brain: A Guided Tour
The Brain Home Page Links to Assignments Cerebrum Meninges Ventricles Cerebellum Diencephalon Brainstem Videos Quit http: //www. fi. edu/brain/images/mri_brain. jpg Sheep Brain Dissection
Links to Assignments Steps to complete assignment. Assemble Brain Model (Instructions) Work on Power. Point/Labeling Model Go Over Brain Models- Hand In! Begin Sheep Brain Dissection Identify Parts of Sheep Brain in dissection practical
Videos Links to video cross sections of brainhttp: //video. google. com/videoplay? docid=4314345594047133804&q=brain&hl=en http: //video. google. com/videoplay? docid=-4256611597399317165&q=brain&hl=en Link to visual stimuli and the brainhttp: //video. yahoo. com/video/play? p=brain&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF 8&b=21&oid=5 fb 95 c 163 cbb 858 c&rurl=oldwww. internet 2. edu&vdone=http%3 A%2 F%2 Fv ideo. yahoo. com%2 Fvideo%2 Fsearch%3 Fp%3 Dbrain%26 toggle%3 D 1%26 cop%3 Dmss%2 6 ei%3 DUTF-8%26 b%3 D 21 .
Cerebrum Gray Matter White Matter Surface Features Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) http: //cfs 1. tistory. com/upload_control/download. blog? fhandle=Ymxv. Zz. E 1 Njk 4 QGZz. MS 50 a. XN 0 b 3 J 5 Lm. Nvb. Tov. YXR 0 YWNo. Lz. Ey. MTUuan. Bn Size and the Cerebrum.
Size and the Cerebrum Does a bigger brain mean you are smarter? The debate is still on. It seems that the higher brain to body mass an animal has, the smarter it is. Einstein's overall brain was a normal size, but the specific portion known for spatial intelligence was wider and had a unique anatomy. What do you call a brain without a 100 billion neurons? A no brainer http: //media 3. guzer. com/pictures/homers_brain. jpg Cerebrum Ha! .
White Matter Portion of the cerebrum that is composed of bundles of nerve fibers, myelinated so that it appears white. These are on the deep portion of the brain, including the corpus callosum. http: //www. brainexplorer. org/brain-images/white_matter. jpg Cerebrum.
Gray Matter The cell bodies of neurons in the cerebrum. Located primarily on the superficial surface of the cerebrum- the cerebral cortex. Also, several groups of gray matter are buried deep within the cerebrum. http: //www. brainexplorer. org/brain-images/graymatter. jpg Click Here! What does a brain wear in a rainstorm? A waterproof CORTEX jacket. Cerebrum Ha! .
Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Several islands of gray matter, cell bodies of neurons. They are the processing link between thalamus and motor cortex. They initiate and direct voluntary movement and help with balance and postural reflexes. Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s chorea, both diseases of muscular control difficulties, stem from problems in the basal nuclei. http: //www. brainexplorer. org/brain-images/basal_nuclei. jpg Cerebrum
Surface Features of the Cerebrum Gyri Right Hemisphere Sulci Left Hemisphere Fissures Functional Areas Corpus Callosum Lobes Cerebrum
Gyri The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebrum. Precentral gyrus http: //www. neuropat. dote. hu/anastru/half 5 f. gif Postcentral gyrus (Colored portions in diagram to left) Microsoft Clipart Surface Features
Sulci Central sulcus. Separates frontal and parietal lobes The shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebrum that separate the gyri. Microsoft Clipart Lateral sulcus- defines temporal lobe Feelin’ groovy! (“Lines” on diagram above) http: //www 2. umdnj. edu/~neuro/studyaid/Practical 2000/Q 30_parieto-occipital_sulcus. jpg Surface Features
Fissures Deep grooves on the surface of the cerebrum. Longitudinal fissure- divides cerebrum into left and right hemispheres Helps to divide the cerebrum into lobes. http: //www. humannervoussystem. info/_images/cerebralhemispheres. gif Surface Features
Corpus Callosum Connects the right and left hemispheres and allows for communication between the hemispheres. Forms roof of the lateral and third ventricles. http: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/8753. jpg Band of myelinated nerve fibers. (Label on Sagittal Section diagram) Surface Features
Right Hemisphere Controls left side of body. Processing multi-sensory input simultaneously to provide "holistic" picture of one's environment. http: //alphatel. waika 9. com/brain 1. gif For right-brainers What did the right hemisphere say to the left hemisphere when they could not agree on anything? Lets split! Ha! Visual spatial skills. Dancing and gymnastics are coordinated by the right hemisphere. Memory is stored in auditory, visual and spatial modalities. To see if you are right or left hemisphere dominant, try these testshttp: //www. mtsu. edu/~studskl/hd/hemispheric_dominance. html http: //www. testcafe. com/lbrb. html Surface Features
Left Hemisphere Controls right side of body. Systematic, logical interpretation of information. Interpretation and production of symbolic information. Language, mathematics, abstraction and reasoning. Memory stored in a language format. http: //www. brainchannels. com/evolutionmedia/topbrain. jpg For left-brainers To see if you are right or left hemisphere dominant, try these testshttp: //www. mtsu. edu/~studskl/hd/hemispheric_dominance. html http: //www. testcafe. com/lbrb. html Surface Features
Lobes of the Cerebrum Parietal Frontal Occipital Frontal Lobotomy Microspft Clipart Temporal. Surface Features
Frontal Lobe Responsible for conscious thought, cognition and memory. Controls the ability to concentrate, higher intellectual reasoning, aggression, judgment, and inhibition. Plays a role in personality and emotional traits. http: //www. rainbowrehab. com/images/brain 300 x 300. jpg What did the parietal say to the frontal? I lobe you! Lobes Ha!
Frontal Lobotomy In the early 1900’s, removal of the frontal lobe or disconnecting its pathways to the limbic system, was a treatment for psychiatric patients. This pacified the patients, but made them void of emotion, personality, and volition. The severe side effects and dangerous nature of the operation has caused psychiatrists to seek other methods to treat patients who suffered from aggression. http: //www. idiom. com/~drjohn/lobot 1. jpg Lobes.
Temporal Lobe Receives and evaluates input for smell and hearing and plays an important role in memory. http: //www. rainbowrehab. com/images/brain 300 x 300. jpg http: //www. ebr. lib. la. us/teens/images/reminderindexfinger. gif Lobes.
Parietal Lobe Responsible for processing of sensory input and sensory discrimination. Plays a part in body orientation. What happens when you bother the parietal lobe? It gets a little touchy! http: //www. rainbowrehab. com/images/brain 300 x 300. jpg Lobes Ha!
Occipital Lobe Primary visual reception and interpretation area. http: //www. rainbowrehab. com/images/brain 300 x 300. jpg Lobes Microsoft Clipart
Functional Areas of the Cerebrum Gustatory area Frontal Speech/language area association area Frontal eye field General interpretation area Broca’s area Wernicke’s area Primary motor area Visual area Premotor area http: //www. vahttp: //www. netterimages. com/images/vtn/000/001/1002 -150 x 150. jpg zka. sk/images/cerebrum. gif Olfactory area Auditory area Somatic sensory area Surface Features .
Wernicke’s Area Located in the left superior and posterior portion of the temporal lobe. Understanding and comprehension of spoken language. http: //faculty. washington. edu/chudler/gif/wern. jpg It is connected by nervous pathways to Broca’s area (for motor speech) and the auditory area (for hearing). Functional Areas
Frontal Eye Field Part of the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe. http: //www. vanderbilt. edu/News/news/dec 00/nr 14 a/Oops 1. jpg It coordinates and maintains eye and head movements, gaze shifts, and visual reactions to auditory and tactile (touch) stimuli. Functional Areas
Primary Motor Area Located on the precentral gyrus (posterior region of the frontal lobe). Allows conscious movement of skeletal muscles. The axons of the motor neurons here form the pyramidal, or corticospinal tract. http: //www. math. tu-dresden. de/~belov/brain/motorcor 2. gif Functional Areas
Premotor Area Located anterior to the primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe. Responsible for perception as well as in preparing the commands that result in physical movement (links input with output). http: //www. colorado. edu/kines/Class/IPHY 3730/image/figure 9 -12. jpg Functional Areas.
Frontal Association Area Located in the anterior portion of the frontal lobe. Plans behavior and facilitates working memory. http: //www. duboislc. org/Education. Watch/JCameron/images/frontallobes. gif Control of attention, emotional expression, creativity, physical drive and inhibition. Functional Areas.
Broca’s Area Located in the inferior portion of the frontal lobe anterior to the premotor area. Controls movements of the lips, jaws, and tongue for speech. http: //faculty. washington. edu/chudler/gif/slbroca. jpg Functional Areas.
Olfactory Area Located in the anterior portion of the temporal lobe. Involved with integration of smell. Microsoft Clipart Why does your nose like to be in the middle of your face? It likes to be the scenter of attention. http: //www. tcnj. edu/~cathcar 2/brain. gif Functional Areas Ha! .
Auditory Area Responsible for processing information related to hearing. http: //www. ship. edu/~cgboeree/sensorycortices. GIF Microsoft Clipart . Functional Areas
Somatic Sensory Area Located in the anterior portion of the parietal lobe. Processes tactile senses- pain, temperature, touch. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Primary_sensory_cortex The homunculus shown to the left demonstrates the relationship of features and their number of sensory receptors by size. http: //www. stillthinking. biz/thefabricmonkblog/Images/homunculus_sensory. jpg . Functional Areas
Gustatory Area Inferior region of parietal lobe. Responsible for taste. http: //nanonline. org/nandistance/mtbi/Clin. Neuro/pics/bodyschema. JPG What book did Gus Tation write? Tasty Treats for Your Tongue Functional Areas Ha! . Microspft Clipart
Speech Language Area Responsible for incorporating words into verbal output. http: //www. exn. ca/news/images/1999/06/18/19990618 -parietallobe. jpg Functional Areas.
General Interpretation Area Overlaps the parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. Association of cumulative information from senses. http: //www. d. umn. edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth 1602/images/Broca-Wernicke. gif Functional Areas.
Visual Area Located in the posterior portion of the occipital lobe. Processes vision. VISUAL AREA http: //www. cnn. com/fyi/interactive/news/11/brain/occipital. jpg Microspft Clipart. Functional Areas
Brainstem The lower extension of the brain where it connects to the spinal cord. Most of the cranial nerves arise from the brainstem. The brainstem is the pathway for all fiber tracts passing up and down from peripheral nerves and spinal cord to the highest parts of the brain. . Midbrain Pons Reticular Formation Medulla Oblongata http: //www. conradsimon. org/images/myel-230. jpg
Midbrain Located on the superior portion of the brainstem. Nerve pathway of cerebral hemispheres. Connects the pons and cerebellum with the cerebrum Auditory and Visual reflex centers. Midbrain http: //www. hk. edu. tw/~mehu/Van. De. Graff/Figures/Chap 11/midbrain%20 ant. jpg Corpora quadrigemina- posterior portion of the midbrain separated by the cerebral aqueduct. Controls reflexes for vision and hearing. Brainstem.
Pons Located in the middle of the brainstem. Respiratory center that controls rate and depth of breathing. Pons http: //rad. usuhs. mil/rad/herniation/herniajpgs/Slide 20. jpg Brainstem
Medulla Oblongata Located in the inferior portion of the brainstem. Crossing of motor tracts. Controls heart rate, blood pressure and breathing. Centers for coughing, gagging, swallowing, and vomiting are located here. http: //iupucbio 2. iupui. edu/anatomy/images/Chapt 15/FG 15_20. jpg Who wrote the book “The Importance of the Medulla? Y. U. Breathe Brainstem Ha!
Reticular Formation Located throughout the posterior portion of the brainstem. Controls motor activities of visceral organs. http: //universe-review. ca/I 10 -80 -reticular. jpg Controls sleep/wake cycles. Damage to this area may result in coma. Plays a role in alertness, fatigue, and motivation to perform various activities. Brainstem
Diencephalon Hypothalamus Thalamus Mammillary Bodies Epithalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland http: //health-pictures. com/images/Diencephalon. jpg Olfactory Bulb Limbic System Optic Chiasm
Hypothalamus Located inferior to and slightly anterior to the thalamus. Controls regulation of metabolism, temperature, and water and electrolyte balance. Holds many set points in homeostasis. http: //www. brainexplorer. org/brain-images/hypothalamus. jpg Diencephalons.
Limbic System http: //www. sruweb. com/~walsh/limbic_system. jpg Olfactory pathways: Amygdala and their different pathways. Hippocampus and its different pathways. Sex, rage, fear; emotions. Integration of recent memory, biological rhythms. Diencephalons
Pituitary Gland Located inferior to the hypothalamus. It secretes many hormones controlling growth, development, and puberty. http: //www. besthealth. com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/images/Pituitary. Gland. jpg Diencephalons
Mammillary Bodies Located inferior to the hypothalamus. It is the reflex center for smell. http: //cal. vet. upenn. edu/neuro/server/slides/A 2_24_MN. jpg Diencephalons
Epithalamus Located posterior to the thalamus. Houses the pineal gland. http: //www. sci. uidaho. edu/med 532/epithala. htm Diencephalons.
Thalamus Located directly superior to the midbrain. It relays incoming messages to the proper centers of the brain. http: //ahsmail. uwaterloo. ca/kin 356/ltm/images/thalamus-lateral. jpg Diencephalons
Pineal Gland Located posterior to the thalamus in the epithalamus. Produces melatonin. Melatonin helps to regulate circadian rhythms (daily and seasonal cycles of sleep and wakefulness) and boosts immune function. http: //www. howcomyoucom. com/images/Pineal. Location. jpg Converts signals from the nervous system into an endocrine signal. Diencephalons
Olfactory Bulb Located on the underside of each frontal lobe. Contain the cell bodies of olfactory receptor neurons and the nerve tracts connecting it to the olfactory cortex. http: //www. ehponline. org/docs/1998/106 -12/focusfig-brain. GIF Diencephalons
Optic Chiasm Where the optic nerves from each eye meet and cross. They go back through the optic tracts to the occipital lobe. Diencephalons.
Cerebellum Located inferior and posterior to the cerebrum. Two hemispheres composed of outer gray matter and inner white matter. Controls posture, balance, equilibrium, and coordination of skeletal muscles. http: //www. sci. uidaho. edu/med 532/images/Cerebellum 1. JPG Who wrote the book “It’s a Balancing Act”? Sara Bellum Ha! It is said to look like cauliflower.
Ventricles Lateral ventricles Choriod plexuses Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Cerebral aqueduct http: //www. shivayoga. net/photos/med/ventricles_. jpg
Lateral Ventricles Large ventricles located in both hemispheres. These contain large masses of choriod plexuses. http: //medicalimages. allrefer. com/large/ventricles-of-the-brain. jpg Ventricles
Third Ventricle Located in the diencephelon superior to the thalamus. Chamber filled with cerebrospinal fluid. http: //www. utsa. edu/tsi/assign/Shpbrn/images/vent 2. jpg Ventricles
Fourth Ventricle http: //cal. vet. upenn. edu/neuro/server/slides/A 2_24_FV. jpg Located medially to the brainstem and the cerebellum. Chamber filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Ventricles
Choriod Plexuses Located on the roof of the third ventricle and in the fourth ventricle. Tangled masses of capillaries that secrete cerebrospinal fluid. http: //www. sci. uidaho. edu/med 532/images/Chroid%20 plexus. JPG Ventricles
Cerebral Aqueduct A canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid that connects the third and fourth ventricles. http: //www. hk. edu. tw/~mehu/Embryology/Nervous%20 system/p 102%20 Ventricles. jpg Ventricles
Meninges Dura mater Pia mater Arachnoid mater http: //www. punjabkesari. com/health_files/Meningitis. jpg Meningitis and Encephalitis
Pia Mater The protective layer that clings to the surface of the brain. http: //owensboro. kctcs. edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image 451. gif Meninges
Arachnoid Mater The middle layer of the meninges that has a net-like mesh (spider web-like). In the spaces between the fibers, there is cerebrospinal fluid. http: //ect. downstate. edu/courseware/haonline/imgs/00000/400/418. jpg Meninges
Dura Mater In Latin, it means “hard mother”. It is the thick, protective outer covering on the surface of the brain. http: //faculty. une. edu/com/fwillard/Meninges/images/mening 14. jpg Meninges
Meningitis and Encephalitis Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection of the meninges. It will cause swelling of the meninges, headache, fever, seizure, brain damage, and if untreated, death. http: //www. expeditionzone. com/Storiefiles/thumb/meningitis. jpg Swelling of the brain, usually caused by a virus that a person is exposed to from an insect bite, food, or beverages. It has the same symptoms as meningitis. http: //www. stjohn. org/healthinfolib/images/si 2094_ma. jpg Meninges
Sheep Brain Dissection Links to dissection websites- http: //www. exploratorium. edu/memory/braindissection/9. html http: //academic. uofs. edu/department/psych/sheep/framerow. html
Quit Do you really want to quit? ? YES NO http: //www. loni. ucla. edu/~dinov/images. dir/Brain_Logo. gif
Sheep Brain Dissection. It’s Not So BAAAAD! http: //www. brain-mart. com/sheepbrain. jpg .
Human Brain Sheep Brain http: //images. google. com/imgres? imgurl=http: //www. exploratorium. edu/memory/braindissection/images/1_bottom. JPG&imgrefurl=http: //www. exploratorium. edu/memory/braindissection/&h=435&w=545&sz=26&hl=en&start=30&um=1&tbnid=5 p. QSC 2 wp. NIev. MM: &tbnh=106&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3 Fq%3 Dsheep%2 Bbrain%2 Bdissection%26 start%3 D 20%26 ndsp%3 D 20%26 svnum%3 D 10%26 um%3 D 1%26 hl%3 Den%26 rls%3 DSUNA, SUNA: 200643, SUNA: en%26 sa%3 DN
http: //www. pccc. nj. us/science/Hager/Brain/brain 3. jpg You will first need to remove the meninges from the brain. Please grasp firmly and gently pull back from the cerebellum anteriorly.
http: //www. jdsams. com/images/Brain 3. jpg This is what the brain will look like once you have removed the meninges.
http: //sps. k 12. ar. us/massengale/images/Sheep. Brain-section-names. jpg
http: //www. jdsams. com/images/brain_sh_ventral. jpg
http: //www. jdsams. com/images/brain_sh 23_sagb. jpg
SHEEP BRAIN DISSECTION Identify the following structures on the sheep brain. With your partner, be prepared to point out 20 structures to your teacher when she calls out their name and/or to name the structures that she points to. Frontal lobe Optic chiasma Gray matter Brainstem Parietal lobe Gyrus Central sulcus Pineal body (gland) Hypothalamus Cerebellum Pons Lateral sulcus Cerebral aqueduct Spinal cord Longitudinal Cerebrum Sulcus fissure Corpora Temporal lobe Medulla oblongata quadrigemina Thalamus Midbrain Corpus callosum Third ventricle Occipital lobe Diencephalon White matter Olfactory bulb Fourth ventricle _______/___25 _____/___20 _____/___5 Total Score Participation & Correct cleaning Identifications
BRAIN “FOLDABLE” MODEL OPTION 1 -Begin by printing the Sagittal Section of the brain. -Print the Ventricles. Place on top of the Sagittal Section and tape around the top to make a flap. -Print the Cerebrum. Place on top of the Ventricles and tape to make a flap. -Print the Lobes. Place on top of the Cerebrum and tape to make a flap. -Print the Functional Areas. Place on top of the Lobes and tape to make a flap. -Looking at the Identifications list, color code each item listed for each separate page. -On the back of each separate page, in the same color for each item, write the name of the structure and describe it briefly using the information in this tutorial. OPTION 2 -Print each diagram of the brain in color. Write the names for the parts of the brain in corresponding colors on the back of the diagrams. (Sagittal section, ventricles, cerebrum, lobes, functional areas) -Describe the structure and its location on the charts provided. (Chart 1, chart 2, chart 3, chart 4)
IDENTIFICATIONS SAGITTAL SECTION: Corpus Callosum Cerebellum Diencephalon. Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Body (Gland) Pituitary Gland Epithalamus Mamillary Body Optic Chiasm Brainstem: Midbrain Corpora Quadrigemina Pons Medulla Oblongata Reticular Formation. VENTRICLES: Lateral Ventricles Third Ventricle Fourth Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Choriod Plexuses (draw in) LOBES: Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital CEREBRUM: Using “blow up” in upper right. FUNCTIONAL AREAS: Left Hemisphere Broca’s Area Right Hemisphere Frontal Association Area Grey Matter Frontal Eye Field White Matter Premotor Cortex Basal Nuclei (draw in) Primary Motor Cortex Pia Mater Olfactory Area Arachnoid Mater Auditory Area Dura Mater Somatic Sensory Area Longitudinal fissure Gustatory Area Using rest of diagram. Visual Cortex Gyri General Interpretation Area Sulci Speech/Language Area Central Sulcus Wernicke’s Area Lateral Sulcus (Fissure)
SAGITTAL SECTION .
VENTRICLES
CEREBRUM
LOBES
FUNCTIONAL AREAS
SAGITTAL SECTION
VENTRICLES
CEREBRUM
LOBES
FUNCTIONAL AREAS
Structure Grey matter (Cerebrum) Basal nuclei (Cerebrum) White matter (Cerebrum) Gyri (Cerebrum, Surface features) Sulci (Cerebrum, Surface features) Lateral sulcus (Cerebrum, Surface features, Fissures) Longitudinal fissure (Cerebrum, Surface features, Fissures) Right hemisphere (Cerebrum, Surface features) Left hemisphere (Cerebrum, Surface features) Frontal association area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Frontal eye field (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional Location Function(s)/ Description
Broca’s area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Primary motor area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Premotor area (Cerebrum Surface features, Functional areas) Olfactory area(Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Auditory area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Somatic sensory area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Visual area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Wernicke’s area (Cerebrum , Surface features, Functional areas) Gustatory area(Cerebrum , Surface features, Functional areas) General interpretation area (Cerebrum, Surface features,
Speech/Language area (Cerebrum, Surface features, Functional areas) Temporal lobe (Cerebrum, Surface features, Lobes) Frontal lobe (Cerebrum, Surface features, Lobes) Parietal lobe (Cerebrum, Surface features, Lobes) Occipital lobe (Cerebrum, Surface features, Lobes) Pons (Brainstem) Medulla oblongata (Brainstem) Midbrain (Brainstem) Reticular formation (Brainstem) Corpora quadrigemina (Brainstem, midbrain) Hypothalamus (Diencephalon) Thalamus
Pituitary gland (Diencephalon) Pineal body (Diencephalon) Epithalamus (Diencephalon) Mamillary body (Diencephalon) Optic chiasm (Diencephalon) Choriod plexus (Ventricles) Third ventricle (Ventricles) Fourth ventricle (Ventricles) Cerebral aqueduct (Ventricles) Lateral ventricles (Ventricles) Pia mater (Meninges) Arachnoid mater (Meninges) Dura mater (Meninges)
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