http ebiquity umbc edu UMBC and Ebiquity UMBC

http: //ebiquity. umbc. edu/

UMBC and Ebiquity • UMBC is a research extensive University with a a major focus on Information Technology • Ebiquity is a large and active research group with the goal of “Building intelligent systems in open, heterogeneous, dynamic, distributed environments” • Current research includes mobile and pervasive computing, security/trust/privacy, semantic web, multiagent systems, advanced databases, and high performance computing 9/15/2021 2

What is UMBC • The University of Maryland Baltimore County • One of the three research campuses in the University of Maryland System • Ranked in top tier of nation's research universities--Doctoral/Research Universities-Extensive -- by the Carnegie Foundation • Has 500 full time and 335 part time faculty, 10 K undergraduate and 2 K graduate students • Located in suburban Baltimore County, between Baltimore and Washington DC. • Special focus on science, engineering, information technology and public policy with ~$80 M in external research funding in 2003 9/15/2021 3

IT @ UMBC • Information Technology has UMBC’s largest concentration of faculty & students • Over 100 faculty and more than 2500 students • College of Engineering and Information Technology • Degree programs (graduate and undergraduate) • Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Information Systems, Electrical Engineering, Digital Imaging, and (soon) Systems Engineering • Certificate and training programs (degree and non-degree) • Electronic Government, Information Security, Web Development, Systems Administration, Oracle, CISCO, … • Many institutes and centers • Center for Women and Information Technology, Center for Information Security and Assurance, Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Photonics, … 9/15/2021 4

CSEE @ UMBC • Computer Science and Electrical Engineering • UMBC’s largest Department with 48 faculty, ~1300 undergrads, ~300 grad students • Degree programs (graduate and undergraduate) • Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering • Many institutes, centers and labs • Institute for Language and Information Technology, Center for Information Security and Assurance, Center for Photonics, Lab For Advanced Information Technology, VLSI Lab, CADIP, … • Breadth and focus in research areas • ~ $6 M/year in sponsored research from Government and Industry • Areas include pervasive computing, AI, security, information retrieval, graphics, databases, VLSI, … 9/15/2021 5

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People and funding • Faculty: Finin, Yesha, Joshi • Colleagues: Peng, Halem, Pinkston, Segall, … • Students: ~10 Ph. D, ~10 MS, ~5 undergrad • Funding • Current: DARPA (DAML, trauma. Pod), NSF (two ITRs, Cybertrust, NSG, …), Intelligence community, NASA, NIST, Industry (IBM, Fujitsu, …) • Recent: DARPA (Co. ABS, GENOA II), NSF (CAREER) 9/15/2021 7

Ebiquity Research Space machine learning user modeling KR semantic web AI Intelligent DB web services/SOC Information IR Systems wearable computing HPCC wireless context awareness pervasive computing knowledge management policies mobility Networking & Systems data mining assurance Security trust DRM intrusion privacy detection 9/15/2021 8

Ebiquity Research Space language robotics HCI planning technology KR user semantic data machine modeling web mining learning Building intelligent AI Intelligent DB systems in Information Systems open, heterogeneous, dynamic, distributed Networking Security &environments Systems web services knowledge management IR service oriented computing wearable computing policies wireless mobility context pervasive awareness computing intrusion detection 9/15/2021 assurance privacy trust 9

Some Current and Recent Projects Pervasive and mobile computing (1) Trauma Pod (2) Context aware pervasive computing (3) Mogatu: Tivo for mobile computing (4) Service Discovery & Composition Semantic Web (5) Agents and the Semantic Web (6) Swoogle and Spire Security and trust (7) Rei (8) Semdis (9) Securing ad hoc networks (10) SWANS: Secure and Adaptive WSNs 9/15/2021 10

Pervasive Computing “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it ” – Mark Weiser Think: writing, central heating, electric lighting, water services, … Not: taking your laptop to the beach, or immersing yourself into a virtual reality 9/15/2021 11

(1) Trauma Pod • A DARPA-sponsored project to enable a future generation of unmanned medical systems to save lives on the battlefield • A Trauma Pod will have no human medical personnel on-site to conduct the surgery and will be small enough to be carried by a medical ground or air vehicle. • A human surgeon will conduct procedures from a remote location using teleoperated surgical manipulators with support from automated robotic systems • Phase 1 will perform an unmanned surgical procedure within a hospital OR space. 2005: da Vinci Surgical Robot 2020: Automated Trauma Pod treats wounded soldiers on the battlefield. 9/15/2021 12

UMBC’s role in Trauma Pod • Our role focuses on using RFID technology to track the location and use of medical tools and supplies in the OR • And to integrate this information with • Legacy supply chain systems • Hospital and patient records 9/15/2021 13

Motivation: Moving from this… Source: Ubi. Comp 2003 9/15/2021 14

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Pervasive environments for the Military 9/15/2021 17

A Bird’s Eye View of Co. Br. A 9/15/2021 18

Mo. GATU: TIVO for Mobile Computing A mobile computing vision and a problem • Devices “broadcast” information and service descriptions via short-range RF (802. 11, Bluetooth, UWB, etc. ) • As people and their devices move, they can access this data, but only while it’s in range • The data may be out of range when it’s needed • Devices must anticipate their information need so they can cache data when it’s available • Based on user model, preferences, schedule, context, trust, … • Compute a dynamic utility function to create a “semantic” cache replacement algorithm 9/15/2021 19

Mo. GATU’s distributed belief model • Mo. GATU is a data management module for MANETs • Devices send queries to peers • Ask its vicinity for reputation of untrusted peers that responded -- trust a device if trusted before or if enough trusted peers trust it • Use answers from (recommended to be) trusted peers to determine answer • Update reputation/trust level for all responding devices • Trust level increases for devices giving what becomes final answer • Trust level decreases for devices giving “wrong” answer • Each devices builds a ring of trust… 9/15/2021 20

Service Discovery and Composition • Develop a peer-to-peer caching based distributed service discovery mechanism • • Integrated with routing layer for better performance Uses semantic service descriptions Caching of “neighboring services” Selective forwarding of requests • Broker-based Service Composition • • Dynamic Broker selection based mechanism Distributed Broker-based mechanism Utilizes the peer-to-peer service discovery layer Source-monitored fault-tolerance 9/15/2021 21

Semantic Web "The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. " -- Berners-Lee, Hendler and Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, 2001 9/15/2021 22

CGI scripts SWOs Video files HTML documents SWIs Web services Swoogle is a crawler based search & retrieval system for semantic web documents (SWDs) in RDF, Owl and DAML. It discovers SWDs and computes their metadata and relations, and stores them in an IR system. SWD Properties Language and level; encoding, number of triples, defined classes, defined properties, & defined individuals; type (SWO, SWI); form (RSS, FOAF, P 3 P, …); rank; weight; annotations; … Web interface Ontology Analyzer Jena Ontology Agents APIs Apache/ Tomcat my. SQL Images Agent services php, my. Admin IR engine SIRE SWD = SWO + SWI Focused Crawler SWD crawler DB Audio files Web The web, like Gaul, is divided into three parts: the regular web (e. g. HTML), Semantic Web Ontologies (SWOs), and Semantic Web Instance files (SWIs) Jena Ontology discovery Ontology Google discovery cached files SWD Relations Binary: R(D 1, D 2) • IM: D 1 owl: imports D 2 • IMstar: transitive closure of IM • EX: D 1 extends D 2 by defining classes or properties subsumed by D 2’s • PV: owl: prior. Version & subproperties • TM: D 1 uses terms from D 2 • IN: D 1 uses individual defined in D 2 • MAP: D 1 maps some of its terms to D 2’s • SIM: D 1 & D 2 are similar • EQ: D 1 & D 2 are identical • EQV: D 1 & D 2 have the same triples Ternary: R(D 1, D 2, D 3) • MP 3: D 1 maps a term from D 2 to D 3 using owl: same. Class, etc. 9/15/2021 Swoogle uses two kinds of crawlers to discover semantic web documents and several analysis agents to compute metadata and relations among documents and ontologies. Metadata is stored in a relational DBMS. http: //swoogle. umbc. edu/ Swoogle has metadata on classes, properties and individuals from ~240, 000 SWDs SWD Rank A SWD’s rank is a function of its type (SWO/SWI) and the rank and types of the documents to which it’s related. SWD IR Engine Swoogle puts documents into a character ngram based IR engine to compute document similarity and do retrieval from queries Contributors include Tim Finin, Anupam Joshi, Yun Peng, R. Scott Cost, Jim Mayfield, Joel Sachs, Pavan Reddivari, Vishal Doshi, Rong Pan, Li Ding, and Drew Ogle. Partial research support provided by DARPA contract F 30602 -00 -0591 and by NSF by Filipwas. Perich awards NSF-ITR-IIS-0326460 and NSF-ITR-IDM-0219649. 20 May 2004. 23

Agents and the Semantic Web Owl for protocol contract Features Technologies Ontologies descriptionhttp: //taga. umbc. edu/ontologies/ enforcement Open Market Framework FIPA (JADE, April Agent Platform) Motivation Market dynamics Auction theory (TAC) Semantic web Agent collaboration (FIPA & Agentcities) Owl for modeling trust Auction Services OWL message content OWL Ontologies Global Agent Community Owl for publishing communicative acts travel. owl – travel concepts fipaowl. owl – FIPA content lang. auction. owl – auction services tagaql. owl – query language Semantic Web (RDF, OWL) Web (SOAP, WSDL, DAML-S) Internet (Java Web Start ) Owl for representation and reasoning Owl for negotiation Report Direct Buy Transactions Report Contract Report Auction Transactions Market Oversight Agent Customer Agent P Report Travel Package d Bi Proposal id R Bulletin Board Agent CF B eq st e u Auction Service Agent Direct Buy Web Service Owl as a Agents content FIPA platform infrastructure services, including directory facilitators enhanced to use OWL-S for service discovery language Owl for authorization service policies descriptions Travel Agents http: //taga. umbc. edu/ 9/15/2021 24

Approach We are building prototype tools and applications that demonstrate how semantic web technology supports information discovery, integration and sharing in scientific communities. The National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) and Invasive Species Forecasting System (ISFS) provide requirements and serve as testbeds for our prototypes. (5) SPIRE Invasive species do more economic damage to the U. S. every year that all other natural disasters combined. Above: plants, animals, and a virus. Semantic Prototypes in Research Ecoinfomatics Spire is a distributed, interdisciplinary research project exploring how semantic web technology supports information discovery, integration, and sharing in scientific communities. We are building prototype tools and applications for inclusion in the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII), with a focus on the early detection and warning of invasive species. Meal of a Meal (after Friend of a Friend). We know Fish 1 eats Plant 1. We then infer that Fish 1 may also eat the taxonomic siblings of Plant 1: Plants 2 and 3. Similarly, we infer that the taxonomic siblings of Fish 1 - Fishes 2 and 3 - may eat Plant 1. The RMBL team expresses food webs in OWL using an ontology for ecological interaction they have constructed in coordination with other ecologists. The OWL model drives the simulation and visualization. Significant Results SWOOGLE - a search engine for the semantic web. Moa. M (Meal of a Meal) - Given a species list, infer a food web. Photostuff - annotate regions of a picture with OWL. SWOOP - the first ontology editor written specifically for OWL. Ontologies for ecological interaction, and observation data. Food web visualization and analysis tools that are driven by OWL ontologies and instance data. • CRISIS CAT - an RDF based catalog of Invasive Species resources in California. • Coordination with USGS, NASA, EPA, GBIF, and the Intergovernmental, Interagency Cooperation on Ecoinformatics. • • • Swoogle is a crawler based search and retrieval system for semantic web documents (SWDs) in RDF and OWL. It discovers SWDs and computes their metadata and relations, and stores them in an IR system. Users can search for ontologies or instance data, and hits are ranked according to our Ontology Rank algorithm. Broader Impacts • Enable knowledge from one community to be effectively used by another. • Harness the power of the citizen scientist. (The majority of invasives are discovered by amateurs. ) • Integrate research and education in the classroom. Coming Soon • ELVIS – an end to end application that starts with a location and produces a model of its food web. • The Pond Project - a junior high school classroom activity to monitor the health of local ecosystems. • Enhanced tools. An ontology (found via Swoogle) is loaded into Photostuff to mark up regions of a field photograph. The NBII California Information Node (CAIN), maintained by UC Davis, is a jumping off point to broader NBII deployment. 9/15/2021 UMBC AN HONORS UNIVERSITY IN MARYLAND Spatial distribution of exotic plants at the Cerro Grande fire site. The statistical techniques used to generate these maps do not take trophic data as input. Yet. Filip Perich Research Team UMBC ebiquity (Finin) UMBC GEST Center (Sachs) UMD MINDSWAP (Hendler) UC Davis ICE (Quinn) RMBL PEa. CE (Martinez) NASA GSFC (Schnase) 25 Research support was provided by NSF, award NSF-ITR-IIS-0326460, PI Tim Finin, UMBC.

Security and Trust in Open Environments • Many new information systems are open, heterogeneous and dynamic • Examples: the web, web services, P 2 P systems, Grid computing, pervasive computing, MANETs, etc. • Providing security and privacy in such systems is challenging • We can not rely on traditional authentication-based schemes • Recognizing “bad actors” in such systems is hard • We are exploring new approaches using computational policies, trust and reputation. 9/15/2021 26

Knowledge Discovery in the Semantic Web SEMDIS Objective Approach Design, prototype and evaluate a system supporting the discovery, indexing and querying of complex semantic relationships in the Semantic Web. The system maintains and utilizes trust and provenance Association. Connective connective xsd: real [0, 1] confidence Justification foaf: Document rdf: Resource foaf: page Trust Belief Reference foaf: Agent selects contains rdf: Statement Techniques and prototypes developed can be applied to a range of problems, including discovering new connections and relations in scientific information and homeland security. A “web of belief” model and associated ontology is used to represent, integrate, and evaluate conclusions drawn from the large volume of heterogeneous assertions found in the data. Association Document. Relation Broader impacts Knowledge representation systems reason over semantic web content discovered on the web which is reduced to triples that can be efficiently stored and processed in relational databases. Trust models and heuristics guide the formation of conclusions information to enhance the relationship discovery. NSF award ITR-IIS-0325464 U. Georgia, Sheth, Arpinar, Kochut, Miller NSF award ITR-IIS-0325172 UMBC, Joshi, Yesha, Finin FOAF Network Y. Yesha island source Kagal source J. Golbeck knows L. Ding H. Chen J. Hendler knows P. Kolari knows F. Perich T. Finin A. Joshi Golbeck’s Trust Network hub sink map. To Ding Y. Peng 1 Kagal Finin 28 6 A. Sheth A. Joshi 1 Chen SWETO is large ontology covering several test-bed domains. It is pop-ulated with 800 K instances and 1. M relations extracted from heterogeneous Web sources. SWETO was developed using Semagix Freedom system. 9/15/2021 http: //lsdis. cs. uga. edu/Projects/Sem. Dis 5 An experimental algorithm has been developed to integrate and rank discovered relationships. M. P. Singh Perich DBLP Network Filip Perich June 2004 http: //semdis. umbc. edu/ 27

Rei Policy Language • Developed several versions of Rei, a policy specification language, encoded in (1) Prolog, (2) RDFS, (3) OWL • Used to model different kinds of policies • Authorization for services • Privacy in pervasive computing and the web • Conversations between agents • Team formation, collaboration & maintenance • The OWL grounding enables policies that reason over SW descriptions of actions, agents, targets and context 9/15/2021 28

Applications – past, present & future • Coordinating access in supply chain management system • Authorization policies in a pervasive computing environment • Policies for team formation, collaboration, information flow in multi-agent systems • Security in semantic web services • Privacy and trust on the Internet • Privacy in pervasive computing environments 9/15/2021 29 1999 2002 2003 … 2004 …

Securing Ad-Hoc Networks 9/15/2021 30

Monitoring and Response • Active Response Framework • Nodes Snoop Locally • Send Signed Accusations to Other Nodes • Each Node Makes Decision Locally based on Policy • Accusations can be Corroborated and lead to increase in reputation • False Accusations Can Be Flagged and lead to loss of reputation (or even sanctions) • Nodes Can Choose Not To Communicate Through Suspected Nodes 9/15/2021 31

SWANS: Secure and Adaptive WSNs • A holistic policy driven approach to designing secure and adaptive wireless sensor networks • Secure self-organization • Centralized and distributed protocols • State determination • • Parameters to define “raw” state Node-level logical construct to identify complete state Network-level logical construct to help identify global state A set of policies to adapt to changes in state 9/15/2021 32

SWANS: Secure and Adaptive WSN 9/15/2021 33

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