http africa si eduexhibitsshonibareswing html Collage and Assemblage

http: //africa. si. edu/exhibits/shonibare/swing. html Collage and Assemblage

A brief history. . . Collage French word coller = glue. It refers to an assemblage of mixed media used on a two dimensional surface applied with glue. Materials may include: drawing pencils, paint, textiles, newspaper, scrap papers, photographs … even found objects.

• 200 BC China: Calligraphers integrated poetry/text + image • Medieval Europe: gold leafing integrated within iconic imagery in Gothic Cathedrals • In the 19 th century, collaging became a “hobby, ” a precursor for scrapbooking **Art Historians consider collages’ birth coming out of Modernism in the early 20 th century**

2 -Dimensional Collages…

Modern Artists: Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre Fruitdish and Glass, 1912, papier collé and charcoal on paper

Photomontage: Romare Bearden Pittsburgh Memory 1964 Profile/Part I, The Twenties: Pittsburgh Memories, Farewell Eugene, 1978 collage of various papers with paint, ink, graphite, and bleached areas on fiberboard

Collage Paintings: Neo Rauch Entfaltung 2008 Oil on canvas 118. 11 x 98. 43 inches, 300 x 250 cm Pfad 2003

3 -Dimensional Collages…

READY MADE / Found OBJECT art An artwork made from everyday objects or manufactured goods, which have been “appropriated” and used for an alternative purpose—art. The ready-made opened the door for ASSEMBLAGE (3 D Collage) Materials: Anything goes! Shoelaces, tree branches, tables, taxidermy animals …. even toilets! Marcel Duchamp Fountain 1917

Ready-Made / Assemblage Timeline • Picasso: non-traditional media, 1900’s • Duchamp: Ready-Made/Found Object: 1917 • Joseph Cornell: Cabinets 1940’s • First use of the word Assemblage: Jean Dubuffet’s butterflies, 1950’s • Louise Nevelson’s scrap wood, 1950’s – 80’s Bicycle Wheel

Jean Dubuffet Butterfly 1953

2 D into 3 D: Collage transforms into Assemblage: even more mixed media…

Retroactive I, 1963 Robert Rauschenberg Canyon, 1959, Assemblage: oil, housepaint, pencil, paper, fabric, metal, buttons, nails, cardboard, printed paper, photographs, wood, paint tubes, mirror string, pillow & bald eagle on canvas, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.

Robert Rauschenberg

Bed. 1955

Cabinets of Curiosity, Memory Boxes (3 -dimensional souvenir/keepsakes) Joseph Cornell Hotel Eden, 1945 Untitled (Paul & Virginia) 1946 - 1948

"When you put together things that other people have thrown out, you’re really bringing them to life – a spiritual life that surpasses the life for which they were originally created. ” Louise Nevelson, Sky Cathedral, 1982

Vik Muniz, Narcissus, after Caravaggio, from "Pictures of Junk", 2006

Spiritual Assemblages: Hindu Shrines, Catholic Shrines, Bicycle Shrines

Jessica Stockholder Wicker chair, plastic tub, light fixture with bulb, synthetic polymer, oil paint, plastic, fabric, concrete, resin, wood, wheels, acrylic yarn, glass and cookie in resin, 71 1/2 x 63 x 50 inches, 1995 Sept 9 -Oct. 14, 2006

"Lights plug into the wall and call attention to the electrical wires that are in the wall. It’s static to look at these light bulbs. They don’t do anything. It’s a static, still image that the lights present. But it is an event because electricity moves, and the electricity is active in the wall. So, conceptually, I like it that the stillness of the work is disrupted. " - Jessica Stockholder "Kissing the Wall #2“ 1988 Slide projector screen, newspaper, plaster, oil and acrylic paint, fluorescent tube with purple sleeve, wallpaper, 51 inches high

Jessica Stockholder— PBS interview on Art 21 series: http: //video. pbs. org/video/1239627128 Vik Muniz TED talk: http: //www. ted. com/talks/vik_muniz_makes_art_with _wire_sugar. html