HTC Industrial development Solid fuel market for HTC

HTC Industrial development Solid fuel market for HTC 4 th Workshop Newapp FP 7 Project Vienna, June 4 th 2015

Ingelia´s Profile • Ingelia was established in Spain in 2005. It started to develop HTC technology in 2007. • The first industrial plant working in continuous process with HTC technology has been commissioned in Valencia in 2010. • Patents on the process have been granted to Ingelia in Spain, USA, Mexico and Russia and they are ongoing at last stage in Canada, European Union and other territories. • Ingelia has been awarded with several recognitions to innovation and sustainability, among others: • • Ulyses Prize from UNWTO in 2011 to innovation on tourism sector • Perseo Prize (Iberdrola group) in 2011 to Innovation on biomass sector • Finalist Clean Tech Open in Spain in 2012 • El Mundo Prize (Il Corriere della Sera group) in 2013 to innovation • EUBIA Award in 2015 for the advancement of biomass industry European Comission Support: • FP 7 Newapp Project: Financing to research of new applications of HTC technology and products in 2013 • H 2020 SME Instrument: Financing of Business Plan to deploy 2 the technology in 2014 @Ingelia copyright_2015

Process characteristics Why is HTC process becoming so interesting? Waste Avoiding CO 2 emissions Waste management reduction cost Without emissions Process HTC (6 -8 hours) Renewable Investment Fonds @Ingelia copyright_2015 Products Renewable Market Sustainable: Waste valorization without emissions Innovative : Patented technology Scalable Treatment capacity is increased by increasing the number of reactors (Scalability risk is strongly reduced) Comfortable: Fast and continuous operation Odor free and silent operation Controlled by a Scada programm

The opportunity Eurostat 2014: • 42% of MSW in Europe is composted • 34% of MSW in Europe is landfilled • 120 -140 million tons/year organic residues in Europe • Waste to energy policy encouraged by the EC • Available funds, both public and private for Waste to Energy Projects • HTC a good solution for the treatment of these materials • Existing solid fuel market to place the HTC biocoal HTC Plants deployment 140 million tons OFMSW @Ingelia copyright_2015 50 million tons coal

Organic Waste valorization Fields Irrigation (Agriculture) Organic matter extraction through biogas process Excess water to drain HTC PROCESS 4449 liters fertilized water Mass Balance Bioproducts market 57% 1758 kg biocoal 7540 kg organic waste from selective collection 59% humidity (3093 kg dry basis) Energetic Conssumption per ton of dry biomass: 127 k. Wh electricity and 2315 MJ thermal energy @Ingelia copyright_2015 27% of solid matter is separated in the posttreatment unit Inert Materials to landfilling

Improvement of waste management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Solving odor problems Hygenized products Confined space Waste transport reduction Avoiding CO 2 emisions Product for an available market Cost of waste management is reduced Attractive investment for privat investors reduces the public debt Coherent with European Commission objectives Following the directives of the European Union Waste Products @Ingelia copyright_2015

Agricultural waste Wet biomass located in Food&drink industries and crops can be carbonized Waste Orange peel Corn Strow Onion peel Rice Strow Sugar Carne Bagasse HTC Process Products Biocoal LCV: 21 -24 MJ/kg @Ingelia copyright_2015 Fertilized water Essential Oils Green waste

Advantages of HTC process in agricultural sector • High quality of coal (very low content of ashes) • Food & drink industries can use the coal for energy generation (autoconssumption) and the rest can be commercialized • Uniform composition of water: the content of nutrients (N, K, etc) is quite stable due to the homogeneity of the input material • The process water is used for irrigation and nutrients return to the fields reducing the use of chemical fertilizers • Cost management reduction for the waste @Ingelia copyright_2015

The HTC biocoal High density energy carrier: Concentrates energy from biomass, HCV> 24 MJ/kg* LCV >23 MJ/Kg * Presentation form for Coal: pellets briquettes or powder 1 Tm bio-coal avoids about 2, 2 Tm of CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere Ashes variable depending on client needs down to less than 4% with a fusion point above 1250ºC Low Sulphur <0. 2%* Low Chlorine <0. 2%* * On dry basis net of ashes Produced from garden pruning with 50% humidity Carbon Content: >58% * Nitrogen: 0. 6% - 2% * Hydrogen: c. a. 5. 8%6. 4%* @Ingelia copyright_2015 Good logistic propierties • Hydrophobic • High density • Combustion in standard boilers • Use as raw material for industrial processes (research) • Use for soil amelioration (research) • Good propierties for gasification

The fertilized water Water production comes from biomass humidity The nutrients come back to the soil High content of N and K Investigated by IVIA Valid for irrigation 1. Nutrient concentration by osmosis process. Destination to biofertilizers market 2. Soil amelioration (content of organic matter and nutrients) 3. Biogas production Studied by University of Hawk in Germany Organic matter estraction by water gasification After 3 -7 days the organic matter content is reduced between 70 -90% a gas containing 60% of methan aprox. is obtained.

The solid fuel market Source: Eurostat • 944 Mtoe imported in EU (40% coal) • Biocoal comparable to other solid fuels used in the market • Higher energy density than other biomass fuels give a competitive advantage • Production volume needs to be considered to access bulk sea freight and bring down transport costs • Off take agreements for the biocoal are key • Boost polices for usage of biofuels @Ingelia copyright_2015 11

The biocoal commercialization BIOCOAL OFFTAKER • Ingelia´s strategy to bring HTC technology to commercial stage has led to a partnership with biocoal offtakers with the aim to promote the use of HTC biocoal as a green and renewable fuel • In the UK, Ingelia works together with CPL Industries, on biocoal commercialization. CPL is the largest manufacturer of solid fuel and is the leading distributor of solid fuel products in the UK, delivering more tan 1 million tonnes/year in the European Market • A number of HTC plants are to be established with offtakers providing offtake agreements for the biocoal produced • CPL Industries is commited with Ingelia´s development and is also minority shareholder of Ingelia • CPL Industries will promote Ingelia´s HTC technology in the UK and Ireland @Ingelia copyright_2015 12

The Project sustainability Ingelia Biorefinery concept Organic Waste valorization Reduction of waste management costs Green Investments HTC Plant Waste Biocoal Location is important to reduce logistic costs Industry/Energy Reduction of waste production Renewable markets Avoiding CO 2 emissions (2, 2 tons CO 2 / ton biocoal) @Ingelia copyright_2015 Local Circular Economy 13

Ingelia HTC deployment strategy UK Biocoal commercialization UE directives: from waste to products New standards, new procedures Project deployment in: • Spain • Italy • UK • Poland With different raw materials Belgium France Spain First HTC Plant for organic waste treatment Public Administration Role • Involvement in the project in order to follow the state of progress • New Standards and norms definition: Need to know well new products and processes • Plans elaboration for projects contributing to circular economy • Technology evaluration • Definition of financial instruments • Facilitate resources for project development

Next ongoing steps • Technical • Applications of technology and products to other sectors like Agroindustrial sector • New proposals for European projects for different uses of the biocoal • Other applications for the biocoal for industrial uses and soil ammelioration • Commercial • Strategic agreements with • Equipment Manufacturers • Waste managers • Product offtakers (coal, water fertilizer, etc…) • Legal • Direct participation with the technical comittees to develope the new standards for HTC products and technology • Financial • Negoziations to finance the deployment of the technology in Europe

Conclusions HTC technology brings a new opportunity to…. • Transform waste into products • Boost innovation • Protect the environment • Create a new model of circular economy …. Following the directives of the European Commission with profitable economic results.

Thanks for your attention marisa. hernandez@ingelia. com http: //www. ingeliahtc. com http: //www. ingelia. it Ingelia HQ C/Jaime Roig, 19 Valencia Spain Ingelia Nàquera PI Los Vientos C/ Alisio nº 5 Náquera, VLC Spain @Ingelia copyright_2015 Ingelia Italia Via Gioberti 15 56024 Fraz. Ponte a Egola San Miniato Pisa - Italy 17