HT 6 Cells Lesson 1 Microscopy Understand how

HT 6 - Cells Lesson 1 – Microscopy • Understand how microscopes work and how they have helped us develop our understanding of cells over time. • Label diagram and describe what each part of a microscope does

Light Microscopes A light microscope allows you to zoom in on a sample and see cells. A light microscope works by magnifying using a lens in the eye piece and an objective lens. Different objective lenses give different magnification.

Word Match Magnify A type of microscope which uses light to make images. Lenses The sample you are looking at. Light Microscope To make an image bigger. Image Reflects light up through the specimen. Specimen Shaped glass which focuses light rays from objects to form an image. Mirror Makes the image clear and sharp. Focus View of an object produced by a lens or mirror.

Word Match Magnify A type of microscope which uses light to make images. Lenses The sample you are looking at. Light Microscope To make an image bigger. Image Reflects light up through the specimen. Specimen Shaped glass which focuses light rays from objects to form an image. Mirror Makes the image clear and sharp. Focus View of an object produced by a lens or mirror.

Magnification In a microscope light is magnified through two lenses. The eye piece usually has a 10 x magnification and you have a choice of which objective lens to use. Total magnification = magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens

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Lesson 2 – Animal Cells • Draw and label an animal cell • Explain the role of the components of an animal cell • Create an abstract model of an animal cell

How do we know is something is ‘living’? • All living things are characterised as being able to do seven things • These are usually remembered by the mnemonic MRS NERG M R S N E R G Can you guess what these letters stand for?

The 7 characteristics of Living Things Movement – Animals move to find food and keep away from predators, plants move to face the light Reproduction – the ability to produce offspring to keep the species in existence Sensitivity – responding and reacting to the environment Nutrition – Animals need food for respiration, plants need minerals from the soil Excretion – Getting rid of waste Respiration – Turning food (glucose) into energy Growth – Growing larger and stronger becoming adult size

What are living things made of? Cells are the building blocks of life. They come in all shapes and sizes. Some organisms are made up of only one cell and are called uni-cellular. Others are made up of lots of cells and are called multi-cellular. Cells work together and carry out the seven life processes that are needed for an organism to stay alive. 1 13 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004

Task • Draw and label an animal cell • Explain the role of the components of an animal cell • You can use this diagram to help

Task • Create a 3 D abstract model of an animal cell. • Use this website for some ideas • https: //www. weirdunsocializedhomeschoolers. com/waysto-make-a-cell-model/ • Feel free to email your designs (Science. Department@oha. swecet. org) or put them on the WES Twitter page

Lesson 2 Plant Cells • Draw and label a plant cell • Explain the role of the components of a plant cell • Create an abstract model of a plant cell

Different Cells Which Canofyou these identify is a plant different cell and parts which of the is an cells? animal cell? Vacuole Cell Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Chloroplast Nucleus Animal Cell Plant Cell

What is a cell? Animal and plant cells come in different shapes and sizes, but they all have three basic features. Plant cell animal plant cell nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane Plant cells also have some extra features that make them different to animal cells. 1 20 ofof 20 40 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004

Task • Draw and label an animal cell • Explain the role of the components of an animal cell • You can use this diagram to help

Task • Create a 3 D abstract model of an plant cell. • Use this website for some ideas • https: //www. weirdunsocializedhomeschoolers. com/waysto-make-a-cell-model/ • Feel free to email your designs (Science. Department@oha. swecet. org) or put them on the WES Twitter page

Lesson 4 Progress Check Questions

Part Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Wall Chloroplasts Vacuole Function

Part Function Cell Membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Nucleus Contains genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell. Cytoplasm The liquid inside a cell where most chemical reactions happen. Cell Wall In plants this is made of cellulose, it helps to support the cell. Chloroplasts Contains a chemical called chlorophyll, this is where photosynthesis happens. Vacuole Stores sap and helps to keep plant cells firm.

Lesson 5 – 6 Mark Question Animal and Plant Cell Comparison

In the way that buildings are made of bricks, plants and animals are made of cells. Describe the similarities and differences between them. Award Criteria Bronze • Silver • Describe the similarities and differences between an animal and plant cell. • Describe what the function of the individual organelles are. Gold • Write a method to explain to another student at William Edwards School, how you would make a microscope slide of an onion cell and what they might expect to see when looking through the microscope. State which cell is an animal and which is a plant and label the correct organelles

Silver: Both animal and plant cells have similarities in their organelles. They both contain a: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell. The cell membrane is partially permeable and allows certain substances to enter and leave the cell. The mitochondria is where respiration takes place (where energy is made) and ribosomes are involved in making proteins. Lastly, the cytoplasm is a jelly like substance where all of the chemical reactions take place. The plant cell however does have differences in comparison to the animal cell. Plants contain: chloroplasts, a vacuole and a cell wall, whereas animals do not. The cell wall is made out of cellulose and supports the cell. Plants have chloroplasts as they need to make their own food during photosynthesis and this is where it happens. It contains chlorophyll, which traps sunlight and makes plants green. Lastly the vacuole is a large space that contains cell sap. Gold: The teacher will cut the onion using a scalpel. Students will then get a very thin piece of the onion skin membrane and put it onto the glass microscope slide using tweezers-flattening it out. Carefully, add a few drops of Iodine onto the onion to stain the cell parts and carefully cover with a glass cover slip. Put the slide onto the stage of the microscope and adjust the magnification to see the onion/plant cells. These look like small rectangular, brick shapes and the light microscope is only powerful enough to see the outlines.

Lesson 6 Specialised Cells • Name some plant and animal specialised cells • Give some adaptions of different cells • Explain how the adaptations help the cells do their job correctly

Specialised Cells Not all animal and plant cells are the same The cells in our body are all different so that they can do different jobs Most cells in our body do have a cell membrane and a nucleus Red blood cells don’t even have a nucleus All they do is carry oxygen

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Nerve Cell

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Muscle Cell

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Sperm Cell

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Red Blood Cell

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Palisade Cell

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Root Hair Cell

Different Cells in our Body See if you can recognise these cells: Ciliated Cell

Cells Specialised Cell Nerve Cell Muscle Cell Sperm Cell Red Blood Cell Ciliated Cell Palisade Cell Root Hair Cell Function How they are adapted

Cells Specialised Cell Function How they are adapted Nerve Cell Long to carry signals Muscle Cell Able to contract and relax Sperm Cell A tail so that it can swim Red Blood Cell Large surface area to hold oxygen Ciliated Cell Hairs to help move mucus Palisade Cell Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis Root Hair Cell Large surface area for absorption