How Will We Learn Muscles By Location Sections

How Will We Learn Muscles?

By Location � Sections ◦ ◦ Head/neck Back/abdomen Upper extremity Lower extremity � Surface ◦ Anterior ◦ Posterior

By Action � Muscles have jobs ◦ Muscles with similar jobs are often grouped together � Most muscles have muscles that work opposite them (prime mover vs. antagonist) ◦ These sets of muscles are often called flexors and extensors � The upper and lower extremities have many sets of opposites, and are also opposite of one another

By Name and O/I/I/A � Name ◦ ◦ of the muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action

Name of Muscle � Identify how the muscle is named � This knowledge will help to determine the location, origin, insertion, innervation, and/or action � *When you have a hard time remembering where a muscle goes, LOOK AT THE NAME! Break it down if you can – it will often tell you where it goes

Origin � Proximal muscle attachment � More stationary attachment � Usually the broader of the 2 attachments

Insertion � Distal attachment � More movable attachment � Usually less broad attachment

Innervation � The distribution of nerve fibers to an organ or body region � When identifying muscles, innervation is the nerve or nerves that supply stimulation to the muscle for contraction � Example: The pectoralis major is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve and the medial pectoral nerve

Action � The motions of the body caused by contraction of the muscle � Example: The pectoralis major muscle causes: ◦ Flexion of the gleno-humeral joint ◦ Adduction of the humerus ◦ Internal rotation of the humerus

Synergists � The muscles near a prime mover that help it to perform its action � Example: The pectoralis major receives help from the latissimus dorsi, the subscapularis, and the teres major

Flash Cards � Name of muscle on blank side � On lined side: ◦ ◦ ◦ Origin Insertion Innervation Action Synergist(s) � These will be your references for testing and beyond