How Urban Delivery Vehicles can Boost Electric Mobility
How Urban Delivery Vehicles can Boost Electric Mobility 城市物流车如何推动电动化出行 发言人:Pierpaolo Cazzola Advisor – Energy, technology and environmental sustainability 能源、科技与环境可持续发展咨询顾问 Webinar Series on Commercial Vehicle ZEV Regulation 新能源商用车政策系列研讨会 27 April 2021年 4月27日
2 What we did 我们做了什么 车队运营商、车辆生产企业和政策制 How can fleet operators, vehicle manufacturers and policy makers 定者如何才能扩大轻型商用车的电动 scale up LCV electrification? 化规模? Understand challenges: limited 了解所面临的挑战:可选择的车型 number of available models, small 数量有限,生产规模较小、电池成 production scale, battery costs, 本、充电基础设施 charging infrastructure Quantify benefits: compare 量化收益:比较不同技术和燃料的 lifecycle impacts and TCO of 全生命周期影响和拥车总成本( different technology- and fuel TOC) options 重点关注早期推广目标对象:负责 Focus on early adopters: last-mile 完成最后一英里运送的物流货车 delivery vans LCV= light commercial vehicle; TCO= total cost of ownership LCV=轻型商用车;TCO=拥车总成本
3 车辆销售量(千辆) Electric light commercial vehicles today 电动轻型商用车现状 • Increasing model availability 其他 欧洲 车辆销售量(千辆) 中国 其他 欧洲 中国 LCV= light commercial vehicle; EV= electric vehicle LCV=轻型商用车;TCO=拥车总成本 • Large operators announced fleet conversions • LCV electrification trails the car segment – EV policy programs focus on cars – Vehicle prices remain very high • 可供选择车型在不断增加 • 大型运营商已宣布要实施车队电动化转型 • 轻型商用车领域的电动化发展落后于轿车领域 – 电动汽车政策主要倾向于轿车领域 – 车辆价格依然很高
5 行驶里程(车辆-公里) Higher mileage of LCVs can maximize electrification benefits, especially with predictable daily use 轻型商用车行驶里程较高,从而可以最大程度地实现电动化的收益,尤其是其 日常使用情况可预知的情况下 车龄(年) Diesel car 轻型商用车 柴油轿车 LCV= light commercial vehicle LCV=轻型商用车 Gasoline car 汽油轿车
8 Challenges and opportunities to bring down costs 降低成本的挑战与机遇 • PHEVs with high shares of all-electric driving and BEVs using smaller battery packs are the cases that have the best competitiveness with ICE diesel and HEVs – But smaller battery packs come with greater challenges, due to greater all-electric range limitations • BEVs are cost competitive if produced at scale – Opportunities from the use of vehicle design and components of electric passenger cars, as well as sharing platfoms with other powertrain – Opportunities from leaner vehicle production processes (less moving parts, modularity) – Co-operation between players in the automotive and logistics industries important to grow the market and production scale • Ensuring that batteries are durable and sized correctly for the intended application are important requirements for plug-in LCVs – A battery replacement during the vehicle life adds significant costs – Poor durability may indeed lead to faster depreciation (1/2) • 与内燃机柴油车和非插电式混合动力汽车相比,电动续航里 程比例较高的插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)和电池较小的纯 电动汽车(BEV)具有最佳的成本竞争力 – 但电池较小会带来一个更大的挑战:其电续航驶里程有较大限制 • 如果能够形成规模化产能,纯电动汽车是具有成本竞争力的 – 机遇:使用电动乘用车的设计和零部件,与其他传动系统共享生 产平台 – 机遇:车辆生产过程更为简化(零部件较少,高模块化) – 车辆生产企业与物流产业之间的合作是扩大市场和生产规模的关 键 • 对于电动轻型商用车,确保电池具备耐久性,且电池容量适 合应用场景是十分重要的 – 在车辆使用寿命周期内更换电池会显著增加成本 – 耐久性不佳会导致车辆快速贬值
9 Challenges and opportunities to bring down costs 降低成本的机遇与挑战 • Charger costs shown focus entirely on depot charging (wallbox, <22 k. W) – Infrastructure costs before the metre excluded in the results shown earlier – If these fall on the marginal network user, they can change radically the cost competitiveness balance – Important to see these costs in the context of a broader network investment upgrade, to be shared across many electricity end-used: public authorities need to clarify costs coverage for grid reinforcements, as they can open opportunities for other end-use developments as well – Governments should also streamline regulatory requirements for grid upgrades (risk of significant time losses) to avoid delays in deploying charging infrastructure – Revenues that could be available from the provision of grid services can help, provided that the focus remains on low-power charging (allowing minimization of power draw and load shifting, plus other grid services) (2/2) • 本研究提及的充电桩成本基于场站充电 (wallbox充电桩 , <22 k. W) – 前面展示的成本中不包含充电基础设施成本 – 如果这部分成本分摊到新增电网终端用户身上,将从根本 上改变成本竞争力 – 应当在更为广泛的网络投资升级背景下去分析这些成本, 这些成本将被许多终端用电者分摊;管理部门需要明确电 网升级成本所覆盖的范围,因为电网升级也可以为其他用 电终端的发展提供契机。 – 政府部门还应针对电网升级出台规范化的管理要求,避免 拖延充电基础设施的推广部署 – 电网服务收费的相关规定也(对降成本)有所帮助,前提 是主要考虑低功率充电(从而最小化所需的电量和电网负 荷的转化,然后再加上其他电网服务) 。
12 LCV electrification projects are picking up 轻型商用车电动化项目正在推进 • Model availability and options are increasing, and several OEMs have recently announced plans – Urban deliveries frequently seen as early target for e-LCV market • Early adopters started in postal operators, they now include logistics companies – including e-commerce – and major groups that rely on logistic service providers to distribute their products • Reduced environmental impacts drive motivation to electrify fleets • Some challenges remain • 可供选择的车型在不断增加,部分生产企业近 期也宣布了相关计划 – 城市物流车通常被认为是电动轻型商用车进行早 期推广的目标对象 • 最初的推广对象是邮政部门,现在已经扩展至 物流企业,以及一些依靠物流服务商来进行产 品供应的电商和大型集团企业 • 减少环境影响的目标促使了车队电动化发展 • 但仍存在一些挑战 – 需要增加可供选择的车型和扩大生产规模 – 需要部署充电基础设施 – Need to increase model availability and production scales – Need to deploy charging infrastructure LCV= light commercial vehicle; OEM= original equipment manufactuer LCV=�型商用�;OEM=��原始制造商
13 (1/2) What we recommend 我们建议 • Prioritise electrification of vehicles with high mileage and regular daily activity, including LCVs in last-mile delivery • 优先在行驶里程较高且日常活动规律的车辆群体 中推行电动化,包括负责进行最后一英里物流运 输的轻型商用车 • Promote electric light commercial vehicles in cities and tightly regulate combustion-engine vehicles • 在城市中推进电动轻型商用车的发展,对内燃机 车辆予以严格管理 • 加严燃油经济性标准,对轻型商用车出台强制性 零排放要求和经济激励政策 • Strengthen fuel economy standards, zero -emission mandates and economic incentives for light commercial vehicles
14 (2/2) What we recommend 我们建议 • Define regulatory requirements and clarify costs for upgrades to the electricity grid needed for electric vehicles • Use vehicle design and components of electric passenger cars to unlock price reductions of electric light commercial vehicles • Strengthen co-operation among stakeholders to reduce investments risks for the manufacturing of electric light commercial vehicles • 明确法规要求并明确发展电动汽车所需的电网升 级成本 • 使用电动乘用轿车的相关设计和零部件,助力降 低轻型商用车的价格 • 加强相关部门之间的协作,降低生产轻型商用车 的投资风险
15 Thank you 谢谢!
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