How Traits Are Inherited Genes that control a

How Traits Are Inherited • Genes that control a trait are located in the same position on each chromosome (S and s). • During meiosis like chromosomes separate. • Gametes combine to create a new life. • New combinations of chromosomes results in genetic variation!

Vocabulary • • • 1. Trait- characteristic 2. genetics- the study of genes 3. genotype- the type of genes 4. phenotype- the traits shown 5. homozygous-both genes are either dominant or recessive TT tt • 6. heterozygous-genes are dominant and recessive Tt • 7. Alleles- forms of a gene for a trait

The Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel

Mendel’s Work • First recorded scientific study of traits. • Mendel chose ordinary garden peas for his experiments. • Published results of his 8 year study in 1866. Mendel’s Garden 35 X 7 meters (circa 1922)

Movie Questions 1. What fur color is dominant in rabbits? 2. What is the tool that helps us predict what offspring can result? 3. Why do you think that the rabbit babies do not turn gray?

Punnett Practice • Mendel crossed two purebred pea plants. Create the punnett square to show this cross. • What percent of the offspring are purebred?

Purebred Pea Plant Cross • How did you do with your 1 st punnett square?

More Punnett Practice Draw punnett squares and cross the following: • HH X hh (homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive) • Hh X Hh (both heterozygous) • HH X Hh (homozygous dominant and heterozygous) • hh X Hh (homozygous recessive and heterozygous)

Punnett Square Practice • http: //www 2. edc. org/weblabs/Punnett/punn ettsquares. html

Directions: Alien Lab 1. Create data table shown to the right. # 1 2. Each student flips a penny. Heads = H, Tails = h. 2 3. Flip the penny twice for each of the 12 traits in the table. 7 4. Record results. 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 Trait First Coin Toss Second Coin Toss Phenotype

Alien Lab 1. Use the chart provided here to fill in the “Trait” column of your data table. 2. Next, determine the phenotype of your alien. 3. Record the phenotype of your alien in the data table. Homozygous Dominant HH Heterozygous Hh Homozygous Recessive hh Body shape Peanut Hershey kiss 2 Head shape Octagon Twinkie 3 Legs 4 tentacles 3 chicken 4 Wings/tail Wings Tails 5 Eyes on stalks 3 no stalks 6 Mouth With fangs No fangs 7 Color Blue Green Yellow 8 Hair Afros Dreds Braid 9 Suction cups None 10 Nose Small Slits 11 Ears Average Dumbo 12 Gender female Male Female # Trait 1

Draw Your Alien! • Draw & Color a picture that shows the physical traits of the alien you just created! • Place the “male” or “female” symbol next to your alien to show that it is a boy or a girl. • Find a partner and wait for instructions from the teacher.

Next Generation Aliens • Draw 12 punnett squares. • Provide a title for each punnett square that matches alien traits. Ex: body shape, head shape, legs, wing/tail, eyes on stalks etc. • Put YOUR genotype for a trait on the top line of the punnett square. Put your PARTNER’s genotype for the same trait on the side. Complete each of the twelve punnett squares.

Alien Babies 1. You are going to draw four (4) of the possible alien babies. 2. Determine the phenotype for each of the “Top Left Boxes” of each punnett square. Draw this alien. 3. Repeat step #2 for the “Top Right Boxes, ” “Bottom Left Boxes, ” and “Bottom Right Boxes. ” 4. MUTATION! Roll a dice for each of the babies you created. If you roll a “ 1” then your baby has spots; if a “ 6” is rolled, then your baby has stripes. 5. Color your alien babies.

Points for Grading Alien Booklet!