How to use the feedback cycle to support

How to use the feedback cycle to support student writers (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9

What is feedback? For the purposes of this course, feedback is defined as ideas shared to verify, clarify, and/or revise a student’s thinking, both to initiate immediate change in a student work product and also to support an increase in a student’s longterm literacy. (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9

How to use the feedback cycle to support student writers Feedback gathered and applied throughout the writing process is a powerful means to increase student literacy skills. Feedback can be provided via discussion/input from experts (teachers, other knowledgeable sources), through discussion/input from a peer or other with limited expertise, or through self-reflection. Feedback is best when it is focused, easy to apply, and leads to retention of increased literacy skills, rather than mere improvements to a single literacy task. (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9

1. Start a new task 8. Revise draft, and then return to Step #7 or proceed to Step #1 2. Gather ideas Feedback Cycle 7. Determine and appy next step strategies 3. Obtain feedback (self, peer, other) 4. Determine and apply next step strategies 6. Obtain feedback 5. Write first draft (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9

Feedback from an expert: Focused on helping students achieve a learning goal. Often provided orally through informal, on-going interactions. May also be written commentary and/or language from a shared rubric with clear and transparent criteria Is best when it is limited, descriptive, and provides clear next steps 5 (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9

Other feedback types Self: Focus on helping students reflect on their learning regularly Peers: Students in grades 3 -5 require direct instruction and a well-defined process to provide feedback effectively, or peer feedback is likely to be ineffective at best and damaging at worst. For students in grades 3 -5, use of sentence starters and cloze statements can be effective tools to guide feedback. For example, a sentence starter may be “One additional idea from the text you can add to your essay is…. ” An example of a cloze statement is “From paragraph __ to paragraph __” to smooth the transition of ideas you can …” NOTE—Craft sentence starters and cloze statements that focus on action steps for the student writer, rather than evaluations of the quality of the work. E. g. “I like…” and “What you did well was…” 6 (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9

Activity –Practicing feedback strategies: Use the sample student task and student writing provided to: craft a written response to the student that is focused, descriptive, action-driven, and clear. write one sentence starter and one cloze statement designed to help students provide effective peer feedback. (c) Parcc, Inc. December 2015 Module 9