How to pursue scholarship through your Daily Academic

How to pursue scholarship through your Daily Academic Work? Darshana Shah, Ph. D. Professor of Pathology Associate Dean, Office of Faculty Affairs & Professional Development 10 -15 -2015

Overview Ø Know the definitions of scholarship Ø Understand the types of scholarship Ø Get an idea on how to formulate and answer research questions Ø See the opportunities for scholarship within your everyday activities (clinical, teaching) Ø Come away with one idea for scholarship that you will pursue !!!!!

Power of reframing ØWhat do you see? ØAn old woman with a large nose looking down with her chin nuzzled in a fur coat? ØOr do you see an attractive young woman looking away? ØThis image clearly demonstrates how two different, almost opposite, meanings can come from the exact same picture. ØNow shifting from drawings to daily activity in academia: with a simple reframe, it is possible to pursue scholarship from your routine work.

Reframing our thinking about our daily activity in academia Ø Ø Ø Examining critically the various aspects of our work Developing and testing new theories Questioning what we do Finding answers through empirical investigation Improving the way we teach, deliver services, implement interventions, and find links between health outcomes and lifestyle

Expanded Definition of Scholarship Ø Scholarship of Discovery: where new and unique knowledge is generated Ø Scholarship of Application: building bridges between theory and practice Ø Scholarship of Integration: where new relationships among disciplines are discovered Ø Scholarship of Teaching: where the teacher creatively builds bridges between his or her own understanding and the students' learning Boyer, 1990“Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate “

Scholarship redefined… Ø Research is only one form of scholarship Ø Educational scholarship can be: Ø Documented as tangible products Ø Peer reviewed for quality Ø Disseminated publicly Ø Non-manuscript products of educational scholarship should be valued in institutional reward systems Boyer, 1990“Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate “

Scholarship of Education: Definition Ø Builds upon the process of scholarly teaching Ø Requires: • “Product” (manuscript-equivalent) • Peer review for quality • Public dissemination to learn from or build upon Hutchings and Shulman, 1999

What makes our contributions scholarly? Glassick Criteria 1. Clear goals 2. Adequate preparation 3. Appropriate methods 4. Meaningful results 5. Effective presentation (within a community; enables “peer review”) 6. Reflective critique Glassick CE. Acad Med. 2000 Sep; 75(9): 877 -80.

Scholarship Excellence: The Glassick Criteria Glassick CE. Acad Med. 2000 Sep; 75(9): 877 -80.

Educational Scholarly Product Examples Ø Instructional materials Ø Web-based and other teaching modules (students/patients) Ø Syllabi, CDs, DVDs Ø Educational leadership Ø Program development Ø Course development/innovative revision Ø Evaluation tools Ø Development Ø Assessment

Finding your Research Question? Ø The source of the question can be your own everyday experience— clinical work, teaching, observation of students/residents during clinical rotation, etc. Ø Examples Ø Educational Scholarship– Asking questions about your teaching/learning/course/Clerkship/program Ø Clinical Scholarship– Asking questions about the medical care your institution provides—questions related to improving the quality of programs, services, etc.

In Summary Why should we engage in scholarship? To improve the way we teach To improve what and how our students learn To improve our clinical care To improve the outcomes that patients experience To make a difference in the health problems in our environment Ø To help us succeed in an academic health center Ø Ø Ø

Scholarship is …. Effective Dissemination of your work Ø Ø Ø Publish in a Medical Education Journal Publish in a Specialty Journal Publish in a Higher Education Journal Workshops at Professional Meetings Med. Ed. PORTAL (www. aamc. org/mededportal)

Journals that publish medical education work Medical Education and Health Professions Education Journals Academic Medicine (2. 338) Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice (1. 412) Advances in Physiology Education (1. 542) BMC Medical Education (1. 04*) Canadian Medical Education Journal Clinical Teacher (0. 443*) Education for Health: Change in Learning & Practice Evaluation & the Health Professions (1. 140) Focus on Health Professional Education (0. 882*) Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Practice Journal of Cancer Education Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions (1. 000) Journal of Graduate Medical Education Journal of Health Professions Education Journal of Surgical Education Journal of the International Association of Medical Science Educators Medical Education (2. 696) Medical Education Development Medical Education Online Medical Teacher (1. 333) Perspectives on Medical Education Postgraduate Medical Journal (1. 384) Simulation in Healthcare (1. 667) Teaching and Learning in Medicine (0. 741)

References Ø Ø Ø Boyer, E. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the. Professoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990. Glassick, C. et al. , Scholarship Assessed: Evaluation of the Professoriate. Acad Med. 2000 Sep; 75(9): 877 -80. Huber MT, Cox M. Work that Matters Should be Work that Counts CARNEGIE FOUNDATION PERSPECTIVES -- February 2004 The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching http: //www. carnegiefoundation. org/perspectives/ Hutchings P. A different way to think about …Improved teaching: Building a better conversation about learning. CARNEGIE FOUNDATION PERSPECTIVES -- January 2004 The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teachinghttp: //www. carnegiefoundation. org/perspectives/ Fincher RM, Simpson DE, et al Acad Med. 2000 Sep; 75(9): 887 -94. Advancing Educators and Education: Defining the Components and Evidence of Educational Scholarship Ø https: //members. aamc. org/eweb/upload/Advancing%20 Educators%20 and%20 Education. pdf