HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE MANDATE SYSTEM Scramble for

HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS THE MANDATE SYSTEM?

Scramble for Africa— The Berlin Conference 1884 -5 � before this meeting 80% of Africa was under local & traditional control… …after this meeting 90% of Africa was under European control.

Scramble for Africa � The purpose was for European countries to have spheres of influence over areas � To gain their raw materials for industry � As a status symbol � � Clashes between Germany and France over Morocco, between Britain and France over Sudan Tension from this colonial system led to WWI, which is why Wilson’s 14 Points included a part about adjusting colonies to take care of the people inside them

The Mandate System Post WWI � � � Another name for imperialism/colonialism? Victorious nations would “administer” (rule? ) old colonies See Lo. N document—answer: � 1. According to Source A, why was the mandate system established? � 2. In what ways could it be argued that Article 22 still allowed the victorious powers to increase their influence and power? � 3. What other name does Source A give to the victorious powers?

Mandates—Three Categories � � � Category A: most developed; Turkish colonies (Syria-France, Iraq-Britain, Palestine-Britain); should be administered for a short period Category B: former Germany colonies in Africa; need more time and supervision before independence Category C: Pacific colonies; pretty much stayed colonies

Lo. N role � � � No real authority to watch over the mandates Mandatory powers (Britain, France, etc) were supposed to send an annual report When there was unrest in a mandate country, the Lo. N set up a committee to check it out, and did a pretty good job of it

The Middle East � The former Ottoman territories were turned into mandates: � Syria to France (never able to control it very well— remember Faisal had a stint as ruler, then left) � Iraq to Britain (brought in Faisal eventually to rule) � Transjordan to Britain � Palestine to Britain Series of bad/contradictory promises led to tension between Jews and Palestinian Arabs

Africa

Africa � � � Britain gained Eastern territories of Africa from Germany France ended up with most of West Africa ^ Supports the idea that the mandate system was just imperialism But, the African mandates (and former colonies) did all gain independence (1950 s & 1960 s) Bigger but, the mandate system did not reduce the gap between the “advanced” people and the “backward” people, so the aim of establishing racial equality failed.

Research � Choose an African mandate during the inter-war years. Decide if the mandate system helped or hindered its development.