How does the brain develop Neural development Neural
How does the brain develop?
Neural development • Neural tube • Formed from: • Composed of: • Develops into: • Three ventricles at the rostral end
Stages of brain development: Neurogenesis • Founder cells - initial pluripotent cells in the ventricular zone Symmetrical division • Symmetrical division – F F F • Asymmetrical division – F F Asymmetrical division • Does neurogenesis occur after prenatal development? F F N
Stages of brain development: Cell migration • After neurogenesis, cells migrate to their permanent locations • Radial glia • Cell adhesion molecules
Stages of brain development: Differentiation • Once in place, progenitor cells differentiate into specific types of adult neural cells • Differentiation depends on:
Stages of brain development: Synaptogenesis • Once differentiated, neurons grow dendrites and axons – Form: • Occurs:
Stages of brain development: Apoptosis • What is apoptosis? – Why does this occur? – When does this occur?
Stages of brain development: Synaptic remodeling • Throughout life: – Underused synapses: – New synapses are formed:
Influences on brain development throughout life • Genes • What are genes? • What do they do? • How do they relate to cell structure and function? • Epigenetics • Examines:
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