How do thought emotion and behavior arise from
How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from an amorphous blob?
Functional neuroanatomy Overview of brain anatomy & systems Localization/networks Scale Major sensorimotor systems States ‘of mind’ Specific functional systems Memory & Emotion Vision & Attention, Language bradd@nmr. mgh. harvard. edu
Brain anatomy
Approaches to the study of brain function • Animals & humans: anatomy & physiology • Tract tracing; single unit recordings • Patients with focal brain lesions • Behavioral studies & post-mortem anatomy • Structural imaging: In vivo structure/function correlations • Functional neuroimaging
Scale in studying the nervous system
Localization of function in the nervous system Phrenology (Gall, early 1800 s) 1. The brain is the organ of the mind. 2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties. 3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.
Localization of function in the nervous system: Paul Broca & language
Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
Localization of function in the nervous system: Functional networks n 5 major brain systems subserving cognition and behavior Left perisylvian language network q. Parieto-frontal network for spatial attention q. Occipitotemporal network for object/face recognition q. Medial temporal/limbic network for learning & memory q. Prefrontal network for attention & comportment q From Mesulam MM
What are we doing with our brains at this moment? (The student’s brain) • • • Feeling your chair Squirming (moving) Watching Listening Remembering Paying attention Sleeping Feeling anxious Feeling hungry What happens when you ask a question?
Somatosensory function
Somatosensory function
Motor function
Motor system
Motor system
Motor system
The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia
The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia
Neurons have specialized processes that support electrochemical transmission
Neurons communicate with each other primarily through synapses
Glia support and maintain neurons • Protect by surrounding and buffering • Speed transmission by forming myelin sheaths
Motor system
Motor system
Motor system
Auditory function
Vision
Visual system
Visual system
Visual system
Visual system
Visual system
Visual system
Scale in studying the nervous system
Learning and memory/Emotion
Attention
Attention Mesulam MM, Phil Trans R Soc London, 1999
Attention Mesulam MM, Phil Trans R Soc London, 1999
Attention Gitelman DR et al. , Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 174 -9 Gitelman DR et al. , Brain 1999; 122: 1093 -1106
State vs channel functions States Mood Depression influences activation Hunger Sleep Channels
State modulates channel activity: Hunger La. Bar KS et al. Behavioral Neuroscience 2001; April 2001 Vol. 115, No. 2, 493 -500
Sleep/Anatomy
Sleep/EEG
Sleep/EEG
What are we doing with our brains at this moment? (The student’s brain) • • • Feeling your chair Squirming (moving) Watching Listening Remembering Paying attention Sleeping Feeling anxious Feeling hungry What happens when you ask a question?
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