HOW DNA WORKS Cracking the Code KEY VOCABULARY

HOW DNA WORKS Cracking the Code

KEY VOCABULARY Protein �A molecule that is made up of amino acids and is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate process in the body. RNA (ribonucleic acid) � Another Ribosome �A cell organelle that helps to make proteins. Mutation �A type of molecule that helps make proteins. CHANGE in the nucleotide-base sequence of DNA. Amino Acids � The molecules that are the building blocks of proteins, there are 20.

INSULIN – AN EXAMPLE Insulin is a protein that you need everyday Proteins are made of amino acids strung together. There are 51 amino acids that make insulin

MAKING MORE DNA To copy DNA for mitosis and meosis you need � A, T, G, C To make proteins that your body use daily you need. � A, U, G, C � RNA and m. RNA � Amino acids � ribosomes U = Uracil

CHANGES IN DNA Read this sentence: � “Put Change one letter in this sentence to make it change the meaning. � “Put the book on the desk. ” the book in the desk. ” This is a “mutation”

MUTATIONS Read, page 217 Answer this question “Do mutations Matter? ” � Cause an improved trait � No change � Cause a harmful trait � If mutation occurs in egg or sperm cells that mutation will be passed on.

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA –AN EXAMPLE What is the mutation that causes sickle cell? � Only one base changed! T for A

LET’S MAKE A PROTEIN Transcription Make a DNA strand using U instead of T. OLD: ATCGTGATGACA New: UAGCACUACUGU Translation

TRANSLATION Take the new strands of m. RNA and group them into codon triplets.

MUTATIONS Read, page 216 Answer “How do mutations happen? ” 2 mins. � Random errors when DNA is copied. � Environmental damage, mutagens Energy from X-rays UV radiation Smoking Many more. . .

VIDEO NOTES Record three interesting notes from the video.