How did the histories of the Western Europe

How did the histories of the Western Europe & Byzantine Empire differ during the era of third-wave civilizations? Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Latin Language Greek Language Frankish Kingdoms (Clovis, Charlemagne) Byzantine Empire (Constantine, Justinian) Roman Catholic Church (Roman Orthodox Catholic Church (Eastern Orthodoxy) Catholicism) "Great Wall of Europe" (City walls of Constantinople) "Holy Roman Empire" (protects after fall of Constantinople (New Rome, now called Istanbul) West. Rome) Rome Hagia Sophia The Vatican Falls in 1453 to Ottoman Turks

Notice how Eastern Europe & Constantinople are not invaded (at this point!). Western Europe and the old Roman Empire is destroyed. The dream is to rebuild it - Holy Roman Empire, Charlemagne - but they never are able to fully recreate the greatness of Rome.

How did the histories of the Byzantine Empire & Western Europe differ during the era of 3 rd wave civilizations? Western Europe collapsed politically in the 5 th century, never to come together again as a single political entity. Whereas Byzantium survived as a single political entity throughout the period. Western Europe possessed no city that could compare to the splendor of Constantinople.

How did the histories of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe differ during the era of third-wave civilizations? Byzantine emperor exerted greater control over the Orthodox Church. Caesaropapism defined the relationship between the Byzantine state & the Orthodox Church. Western Europe had split control over the Roman Catholic church & the many separate and fragmented kingdoms. Icon depicting the Emperor Constantine (center) & the bishops.

How did the histories of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe differ during the era of third-wave civilizations? Byzantine Empire maintained a prominent role in the longdistance trade networks of Eurasia throughout the period. . . Western Europe’s role declined precipitously following the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5 th century, only to re engage with those trade networks after 1000. Justinian "Holy Roman Empire" in 1000. Is it Holy? ? ? Roman? ? ? or an Empire? ? ? NO. No. & No.

How did the histories of the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe differ during the era of third-wave civilizations? After 1000, Western Europe’s influence in the Mediterranean & in Eastern Europe expanded. . . While the influence of the Byzantine Empire contracted (especially in the Mediterranean basin) after 600 c. e. The Siege of Constantinople (painted 1499).

The crusades changed Europe more than they changed the Holy Land. Increase in trade brought economic recovery & an end to the feudal system.

Changing Borders of the Byzantine Empire 476 Fall -Roman Empire; Basiliscus deposed and Zeno restored 550 Justinian I's western reclamations; Ostrogothic Kingdom 717 Leo III reign; 2 nd Arab siege 867 Basil I reign begins 1025 Basil II dies; Constantine VIII reign begins 1095 Alexius I requests western aid against the Seljuk Turks 1170 Amalric I and Manuel I alliance 1270 Michael VIII reign 1400 Closing of the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars

What accounts for the different historical trajectories of these 2 expressions of Christendom? Survival of a powerful imperial state in the Byzantine Empire resulted in greater state control over the Orthodox Church. Cultural differences also played a role. Constantine – Establishes Roman East Capital & unites Church and State. Vatican City – Later home of Roman Catholic Church. ★ Eastern Orthodox Church, Greek became the language of religious practice instead of the Latin used in the Roman Catholic Church. ★ Byzantine thinkers sought to formulate Christian doctrine in terms of Greek philosophical concepts. Eastern Orthodox faith expanded into Eastern Europe when the Byzantine Empire was at its height, but it was driven from other regions, particularly in North Africa & the Near East, by expansion of Islam. After 1000, the Roman Catholic tradition became the more expansive of the 2 expressions, as its influence spread into Islamic Spain, non-Christian northern Europe, & Orthodox Eastern Europe.

What accounts for the different historical trajectories of these 2 expressions of Christendom? Issue which most sharply divided Roman Catholics from Eastern Orthodox Christians was the authority of the Pope in Rome. “The [Empire] and the church have a great unity and community, ” declared a 15 th century patriarch. “Indeed they cannot be separated. ” Dense network of bishops & priests brought message of the Church to every corner of the empire, while numerous monasteries accommodated holy men, whose piety, self-denial, & good works made them highly influential among both elite and ordinary people. Eastern Orthodox Christianity had a pervasive influence on every aspect of Byzantine life.

Europe Asia Constantine I Constantinople in Byzantine times Does it look like Rome? Port city on the edge of West & East. Great connections to trade from the East. Influenced by both Rome in the West & Islam in the East. Today called Istanbul.

Interior view of the Hagia Sophia, showing Islamic elements on the top of the main dome. A former Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church. Then converted to a Muslim Mosque. Today it is a museum in Istanbul (then Constantinople). Then above, Now below. Hagia Sophia Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey)

Siege of Constantinople 1204 (aka “ 4 th Crusade”) Destroyed parts of the city; captured by W. European & Venetian Crusaders. Latin Empire was founded & Baldwin of Flanders was crowned Emperor of Constantinople in the Hagia Sophia.

End of Byzantium 1453: Turkic Ottoman Empire, then known as “the sword of Islam, ” sacked Constantinople. And the entire city was to be seen in the tents of the [Turkish] camp, the city deserted, lying lifeless, naked, soundless, without either form or beauty. O city, head of all cities, center of the four corners of the world, pride of the Romans, civilizer of the barbarians… Where is your beauty, O paradise…? Where are the bodies of the Apostle of my Lord…? Where are the relics of the saints, those of the martyrs? Where are the remains of Constantine the Great and the other emperors? … Oh, what a loss!

Video Link: The History of All of Us (Fall of Constantinople)

What accounts for the different historical trajectories of these 2 expressions of Christendom? The Invitation of the Varangians by Viktor Vasnetsov: Rurik and his brothers Sineus & Truvor arrive at the lands of the Ilmen Slavs. What about a 3 rd trajectory of Christendom? Most significant expansion of Orthodox Christianity occurred among the Slavic peoples of what is now Ukraine & western Russia. Kievan Rus: Culturally diverse region (included Finnic & Baltic peoples as well as Viking traders) a modest state known emerged in the 9 th cent. C. E. Like many of the new 3 rd-wave civilizations, the development of Rus was stimulated by trade. Rus was a society of slaves & freemen, privileged people & commoners, dominant men & subordinate women.

What accounts for the different historical trajectories of these 2 expressions of Christendom? Orthodox Christianity took hold & became a foundation of the Russian cultural heritage. What about a 3 rd trajectory of Christendom? The growing interaction of the Rus with the larger world prompted Prince Vladimir of Kiev to affiliate with one of the major religions of the area. He was searching for a faith that would unify the diverse peoples of his region, while linking Rus into wider networks of communication and exchange. Prince Vladimir actively considered Judaism, Islam, Roman Catholicism, & Greek Orthodoxy before finally deciding on the religion of Byzantium. He rejected Islam because it prohibited alcoholic drink & “drinking is the joy of the Russes. ” He also acquired a sister of the Byzantine emperor as his bride.

You. Tube: Russia, Kievan Rus, & The Mongols - Crash Course

Europe: High Middle Ages By the 11 th century, the national monarchies—of France, Spain, England, Poland, & Germany—that would organize European political life had begun to take shape. Earlier external attacks on Europe from Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims had largely ceased, although it was clear that European civilization was developing in the shadow of the Islamic world.