How did the Catholic Church Counter the Protestant

How did the Catholic Church Counter the Protestant Reformation? Period 4: 1450 - 1750 Do Now: Your future children are over 18 years old and making decisions you believe are extremely bad (dropping out of college, doing drugs…) How do you react? Write answer Turn & Talk

Religions in Europe 1600 CE

I The Council of Trent Pope Paul III formed the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563), to decide how to reform the Catholic Church and to encourage Protestants to come back. Results of the Council of Trent: 1. Catholic rituals are of equal importance to the Bible. 2. The only correct interpretation of the Bible is that of the Catholic Church. 3. Clergy cannot marry. 4. The Inquisition was increased to find and reconvert heretics. 5. Created the Index of Forbidden Books, a list of works considered blasphemous (writings that goes against the Church). Banned books included most translations of the Bible, and the works of Erasmus, Martin Luther, and Galileo.

The Council of Trent Continued… “…let the more difficult… questions… be excluded from popular discourses [discussion] before the uneducated multitude [people]. ” Source: Council of Trent "No matter how much true literary and scientific values a book can possess, it cannot legitimate the distribution which opposes the religion and good custom. On the contrary, the more subtle and seductive the evil is, the more it necessitates stronger and more efficient suppression of it. ” Source: Index of Forbidden Books

II Jesuits A) 1540 the Pope officially recognized a new religious order, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). B) It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola. The Jesuits mission was to spread Catholicism worldwide (Latin America, India and elsewhere), build universities (to train priests), and to provide charity. Sao Miguel Jesuit Mission, Brazil 1745

III The 30 Years War 1618 - 1648 A) The 30 Years War (1618 – 1648) was fought between Catholic and Protestants over who would rule the Holy Roman Empire. 7. 5 million people died. The war ended with the Treaty of Westphalia, which guaranteed all rulers the right of sovereignty (the power to rule their own government, including the right to decide the official religion of their land). B) Many Protestants fled to the New World… including the Pilgrims! C) Inspired by the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation, some people began questioning the divine right of monarchs.

IV Witch Hunts Increased The Catholic Church believed witches worked with the devil through use of magic. Mass fear increased as a result of the Counter Reformation, and even spread to the Americas (ex: Salem Witch trials in Massachusetts, 1692). "All wickedness is but little to the wickedness of a woman. . What else is woman but a foe to friendship, an inescapable punishment, a necessary evil, a natural temptation… an evil nature, painted with fair colors. . Women are by nature instruments of Satan -they are by nature carnal, a structural defect rooted in the original creation. " Malleus Maleficarum “The Hammer of the Witches” 1485

Summary Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What was the goals of the Counter-Reformation? What were 5 results of the Council of Trent? Why was the Inquisition increased? What was the purpose of the Jesuits? What were the causes and results of the 30 Years War? Should nations have the right to sovereignty? 6. Why did witch hunts increase as a result of the Counter Reformation? 7. Do you agree with the tactics used by the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation? Use evidence to support your answer.

Key Vocabulary 30 Years War Blasphemous Council of Trent Counter-Reformation Hapsburgs Ignatius of Loyola Index of Forbidden Books Jesuits Treaty of Westphalia Witch Hunts