How did Daoism and Confucianism conflict in China

How did Daoism and Confucianism conflict in China? Warm up pg 26

Target Know that Buddhism was founded in the Mauryan Empire and Ashoka Maurya’s role in it Know the Mauryan Empire’s role in trade, cultural diffusion, and what tools (including society) they used to statebuild

Homework Quiz Put everything away

Pg 28: Background to Mauryan & Gupta Empire

Society Caste System Brahmins Kshatriyas Merchants and artisan (traders, money-lenders, smiths) Shudras Warrior/rulers/ nobility Vaishyas Priestly/scholar class Peasant/serf class Dalits (outside the caste system) Untouchables: dead body disposal & sewage

Culture Religion Established Hinduism New religions 500 -400 cen BCE Literature & Gender roles Jainism Draws from the Upanishads All animals have a soul = no harm to animals Ahisma “nonviolence” will influence those like Ghandi Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama “Budda” finds enlightenment through 4 noble truths Goal = nirvana (end of rebirth cycle) Hinduism vs. Jainism & Buddhism Hindus only ones to believe caste has to do with karma Jainism and Buddhism reject caste system Orally transmitted poems 500400 BCE Mahabharata Teaches following of dharma/ following caste role Ramayana Duty of ones wife to husband Sita follows Ramayana when he is unfairly exiled

PG 29 Mauryan Empire 321 187 BCE By its height in 3 rd cen BCE, central gov’t established through most of Indian subcontinent Except bottom tip Gov’t Emperor (with his council of ministers) Divided empire into provinces ruled by a prince (each prince having an advising council of ministers) Divided into districts governed by a minister Ministers oversee bureaucrats (judges, public health officials, trade regulators)

Ashoka Maurya: “Ashoka the Great” Chandragupta Son Ashoka Maurya Ruled 268 -232 BCE Expanded empire to its height Battle of Kalinga Brutal (estim. 100, 000 cas each side) Causes him to convert to Buddhism How Buddhism’s spread to China gets a big push He sent missionaries Helps increase trade Go as far as Greece and Egypt Although surge in popularity in India, Hinduism will ALWAYS be predominate religion Changes political agenda diplomatic policy towards those he had defeated and neighboring regions helps keep empire stable Achievements Tax collection system Allows for: roads that encourage advance trade Establish capital of Paliputra Ends slavery Rock and Pillar Edicts

Decline of Mauryan Empire Falls apart after Ashoka (Maurya) the Great in 232 BCE Overtime army falls part and gov’t officials ineffective Power vacuum Allows for Bactria, then Kushan Empire (180 BCE-180 CE) to take over

CCOT in Classical India Change Mauryan Bactria Kushan Gupta Leads to New ideas from trading Art influence by Greco. Roman Continuity Caste system Hinduism Trade Silk Road to Mediterranean Indian Ocean route to Mediterranean Goods: Homemade: Textiles Foreign: spices, gemstones

Mauryan Source work

Here [in my domain] no living beings are to be slaughtered or offered in sacrifice. Nor should festivals be held, for Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi (Ashoka), sees much to object to in such festivals, although there are some festivals that Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi (Ashoka), does approve of. Formerly, in the kitchen of Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi (Ashoka), hundreds of thousands of animals were killed every day to make curry. But now with the writing of this Dhamma edict only three creatures, two peacocks and a deer are killed, and the deer not always. And in time, not even these three creatures will be killed.

everywhere has Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi (Ashoka), made provision for two types of medical treatment: medical treatment for humans and medical treatment for animals. Wherever medical herbs suitable for humans or animals are not available, I have had them imported and grown. Wherever medical roots or fruits are not available I have had them imported and grown. Along roads I have had wells dug and trees planted for the benefit of humans and animals

Question: How does this depict India and Ashoka?

Roman Source: If one of their number be ill, man or woman, they take the sick person, and if he be a man, the men of his acquaintance proceed to put him to death, because, they say, his flesh would be spoilt for them if he pined and wasted away with sickness. The man protests he is not ill in the least; but his friends will not accept his denial---in spite of all he can say, they kill him, and feast themselves on his body. So also if a woman be sick, the women, who are her friends, take her and do with her exactly the same as the men. If one of them reaches to old age, about which there is seldom any question, as commonly before that time they have had some disease or other, and so have been put to death

Question: How does this paint a different picture? What could be potential problems with the source?

They refuse to put any live animal to death, they sow no corn, and have no dwellinghouses. Vegetables are their only food. There is a plant which grows wild in their country, bearing seed, about the size of millet-seed, in a calyx: their wont is to gather this seed and having boiled it, calyx and all, to use it for food. If one of them is attacked with sickness, he goes forth into the wilderness, and lies down to die; no one has the least concern either for the sick or for the dead.

Question: How does this source agree and contradict with our first two sources? What could be potential problems?

End of Class Review How did Buddhism spread through India and into East and S. E Asia? Homework Read PDF on Gupta Empire