How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work IS

  • Slides: 20
Download presentation
How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work IS 146: Foundations of New Media Prof.

How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work IS 146: Foundations of New Media Prof. Marc Davis, Prof. Peter Lyman, and danah boyd UC Berkeley SIMS Tuesday and Thursday 2: 00 pm – 3: 30 pm Spring 2005 http: //www. sims. berkeley. edu/academics/courses/is 146/s 05/ IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 1

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media •

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media • Today – How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work – Guest Lecturers: Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Preview of Next Time – The Telephone from Bell to Cellphones – Guest Lecture: Genevieve Bell IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 2

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media •

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media • Today – How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work – Guest Lecturers: Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Preview of Next Time – The Telephone from Bell to Cellphones – Guest Lecture: Genevieve Bell IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 3

Assignments, Grades, Questions • Assignment 3 is graded – Pick up at the end

Assignments, Grades, Questions • Assignment 3 is graded – Pick up at the end of class – More notes will be sent out after class • Grades • Questions about Assignment 4? • Midterm is coming up IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 4

Readings for Next Time • Claude S. Fisher. America Calling: A Social History of

Readings for Next Time • Claude S. Fisher. America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, p. 21 -29. • Claude S. Fisher. America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, p. 33 -59. – Discussion Questions IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 5

Ong on Orality • Orality (or “Primary Orality”) – The phase of oral culture

Ong on Orality • Orality (or “Primary Orality”) – The phase of oral culture prior to the advent of writing • Literacy – The phase from the invention of writing through the invention of the printing press up to before the advent of the first electronic communications technology • Secondary Orality – The phase from the invention of the telegraph to the present day and recovers some aspects of orality by connecting people across space through mediated interaction (e. g. , the telephone) • In the modern day, aspects of primary orality, literacy, and secondary orality all intertwine in our social uses of communication and communications technologies IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 6

Ong on Orality • Oral communication produces sounds which have no record – •

Ong on Orality • Oral communication produces sounds which have no record – • It is “evanescent” In the absence of external representations, primary orality requires internal cognitive structures to organize and store knowledge for retrieval – – – Rhythm Rhymes Aphorisms Epithets Memory palaces IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 7

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media •

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media • Today – How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work – Guest Lecturers: Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Preview of Next Time – The Telephone from Bell to Cellphones – Guest Lecture: Genevieve Bell IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 8

Information Theory • Quantitatively studies information flow: how people send and receive information •

Information Theory • Quantitatively studies information flow: how people send and receive information • Meaning is irrelevant to information – Information measures uncertainty – Quantification of stimuli / signals – Measure of freedom in decision making • Yes/No question vs. Guess a word IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 9

Noise • Interference in the signal – Systems adjust through redundancy • Games rely

Noise • Interference in the signal – Systems adjust through redundancy • Games rely on noise – Fun is struggle against noise and uncertainty • Successful signal processing requires balancing noice and redundancy IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 10

Infrmatn Spred • “Only infrmatn esentil to understandn mst b tranmitd” – Equivalent to

Infrmatn Spred • “Only infrmatn esentil to understandn mst b tranmitd” – Equivalent to SMS Speak • Adding noise for play: Az. N p. Ri. De – Ru. Lz 4 Sp. Ea. Ki. Ng – Aesthetics? Ownership? • Questioning redundancy IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 11

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media •

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media • Today – How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work – Guest Lecturers: Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Preview of Next Time – The Telephone from Bell to Cellphones – Guest Lecture: Genevieve Bell IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 12

Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Michael Smith directs the digital media partnership between

Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Michael Smith directs the digital media partnership between France Telecom R&D and the University of California, Berkeley. A noted researcher in video analysis, he is the author of numerous papers and a book on the subject. His innovations include patented video analysis and summarization technology used by Sonic. Foundry and the OGIS Research Institute, Osaka. He holds a Ph. D in Electrical and Computer Engineering. • Ndiata Kalonji is the Director of Access and Core Networks at France Telecom IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 13

Daniel Delmore • Weaver says that, "information is a measure of one's freedom of

Daniel Delmore • Weaver says that, "information is a measure of one's freedom of choice when one selects a message. ”. . . What are some examples of games that test the information theory and the description listed above? IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 14

Daniel Delmore • Noise increases the uncertainty of the signal, and therefore the amount

Daniel Delmore • Noise increases the uncertainty of the signal, and therefore the amount of information it contains. Is this concept of noise a good thing when it comes to information? Specifically is this a safe or not? In what context/environment is “noise” good to exist in? IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 15

Daniel Arnold • Salen and Zimmerman generally define information as "a measure of how

Daniel Arnold • Salen and Zimmerman generally define information as "a measure of how certain you can be about the nature of a signal, " emphasizing that the more uncertainty, the more information. Does this definition reduce the amount of information present in society? Given this definition, would you (still) consider people to be bombarded with information overload? IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 16

Daniel Arnold • Assuming that information simply is based on uncertainty, would this decrease

Daniel Arnold • Assuming that information simply is based on uncertainty, would this decrease the reliability of information? How do we assign credibility if all information depends on uncertainty? IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 17

Daniel Arnold • According to Salen and Zimmerman, "Noise increases the amount of information

Daniel Arnold • According to Salen and Zimmerman, "Noise increases the amount of information and uncertainty in a message. " How would noise increase the amount of information in any given message? Is not all the information of a message contained in the signal itself? How exactly, does background noise add information? IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 18

Daniel Arnold • Given the separation of meaning and information, can meaning be labeled

Daniel Arnold • Given the separation of meaning and information, can meaning be labeled information when it contains some ambiguity? For instance, when a word can be defined in several different ways. IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 19

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media •

Lecture Overview • Review of Last Time – Speech and Audio as Media • Today – How a Telephone and Telephone Network Work – Guest Lecturers: Michael Smith and Ndiata Kalonji • Preview of Next Time – The Telephone from Bell to Cellphones – Guest Lecture: Genevieve Bell IS 146 – SPRING 2005. 03. 01 SLIDE 20

Telephone Etiquette Topics Answering the Telephone P ITelephone Etiquette Topics Answering the Telephone P I
1300 Telephone Services Guide 1305 Your Telephone Skills1300 Telephone Services Guide 1305 Your Telephone Skills
Telephone Training Cisco Vo IP Wireless Telephone 7925Telephone Training Cisco Vo IP Wireless Telephone 7925
Essential Telephone Skills Telephone Doctor Inc www telephonedoctorEssential Telephone Skills Telephone Doctor Inc www telephonedoctor
Telephone Training Cisco IP Telephone 7975 Model IfTelephone Training Cisco IP Telephone 7975 Model If
Telephone Service PSTN l The Public Switched TelephoneTelephone Service PSTN l The Public Switched Telephone
Telephone Etiquette Topics Answering the Telephone P ITelephone Etiquette Topics Answering the Telephone P I
Telephone Etiquette Topics Answering the Telephone P ITelephone Etiquette Topics Answering the Telephone P I
Schrdingers Telephone A fasterthanlight telephone for interstellar distancesSchrdingers Telephone A fasterthanlight telephone for interstellar distances
Lecture 8 Cellular Telephone Networks Outline Cellular TelephoneLecture 8 Cellular Telephone Networks Outline Cellular Telephone
TELEPHONE CALLS Telephone Calls q Who do youTELEPHONE CALLS Telephone Calls q Who do you
Name School Address Telephone Permanent Address Perm TelephoneName School Address Telephone Permanent Address Perm Telephone
ASSIGNMENT 1 Kip deeley Telephone Technology The telephoneASSIGNMENT 1 Kip deeley Telephone Technology The telephone
CIS 725 Telephone protocols Telephone systems Circuited switchedCIS 725 Telephone protocols Telephone systems Circuited switched
Telephone Courtesy 1 TELEPHONE COURTESY GENERAL 1 FirstTelephone Courtesy 1 TELEPHONE COURTESY GENERAL 1 First
Evangelism Telephone Approach Telephone Approach 1 Introduce yourselfEvangelism Telephone Approach Telephone Approach 1 Introduce yourself
The Telephone Telephone History In 1876 Alexander GrahamThe Telephone Telephone History In 1876 Alexander Graham
Business Telephone Use Telephones Telephone types Standard CordlessBusiness Telephone Use Telephones Telephone types Standard Cordless
TELEPHONE By Jordan Balenzano WHY WAS THE TELEPHONETELEPHONE By Jordan Balenzano WHY WAS THE TELEPHONE