HOUSING STOCK AMENITIES ASSETS IN SLUMS CENSUS 2011

HOUSING STOCK, AMENITIES & ASSETS IN SLUMS - CENSUS 2011 Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA

A Slum in Delhi

Definition of a Slum A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health.

Identification of Slums in Census • For the purpose of Census, slums have been categorized and defined as of the following three types: • Notified Slums • Recognized Slums • Identified Slums

Identification of Slums • Notified Slums • Recognized Slums • Identified Slums All notified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local Government under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’

Identification of Slums • Notified Slums • Recognized Slums • Identified Slums All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State, UT Administration or Local Government, Housing and Slum Boards, which may have not been formally notified as slum under any act

Identification of Slums • Notified Slums • Recognized Slums • Identified Slums A compact area of at least 300 population or about 60 -70 households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities (Identified).

Data on Slum from Census • It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting and Housing Census are being released • In Census 2001, information on Slums were released only on demographic characteristics based on the Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of 20, 000 by the local authorities at the time of Population Enumeration phase • In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in all statutory towns irrespective of population size.

Census 2011 Results

Towns Reporting Slums India : Census 2011 • Out of 4, 041 Statutory Towns in Census 2011 Slums reported from 2, 543 Towns (63%) • Total Slum Enumeration Blocks (SEBs) in Census 2011 is about 1. 08 lakh in the country • Largest number of Slum EBs reported from Maharashtra (21, 359)

Number of Slum Blocks by Type of Slums – India : Census 2011 • Notified Slums 37, 072 • Recognised Slums 30, 846 • Identified Slums 40, 309 Total: 1, 08, 227 Blocks

Households by Type of Slums – India : Census 2011 • Notified Slums 49. 65 lakh HHs • Recognised Slums 37. 96 lakh HHs • Identified Slums 49. 88 lakh HHs Total: 137. 49 lakh HHs

Slum & Non-Slum Households – India 2011 Indicator Number of households (in lakh) Total (Urban) 789 Slum 137 Non-Slum 652 Number of households (in %) Slum 17. 4 Non-Slum 82. 6

Number of Slum Households in Million Plus Cities Indicator Number of Slum Households (in lakh) Total (Slum) 137 Slum in Million Plus Cities 52 Slum in other Cities 85 Number of Slum Households (in %) Slum in Million Plus Cities 38. 1 Slum in other Cities 61. 9 38 % of the slum households are in 46 Million Plus Cities

Top/Bottom 5 States Reporting Slum Households Top 5 States State Proportion of Slum HHs to Urban HHs (%) Bottom 5 States Andhra Pradesh 35. 7 Chhattisgarh 31. 9 Madhya Pradesh 28. 3 Chandigarh# 9. 7 Odisha 23. 1 Gujarat 6. 7 West Bengal 21. 9 Jharkhand 5. 3 Assam 4. 8 Kerala 1. 5 State Proportion of Slum HHs to Urban HHs (%)

Percentag e of Slum HHs to Total Urban HHs

Proportion of Slum Households in Metros - 2011 Million Plus Cities Proportion of Slum HHs to Total Urban HHs (%) Greater Mumbai (M Corp. ) 41. 3 Kolkata (M Corp. ) 29. 6 Chennai (M Corp. ) 28. 5 Delhi Municipal Corp (U) 14. 6 BBMP (M Corp. ) 8. 5

Million Plus Cities with High Proportion of Slum HHs (Top 10 only) - 2011 Million Plus Cities Proportion of Slum HHs to Total Urban HHs (%) 1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp. 44. 1 2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB) 43. 3 3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp. ) 41. 3 4. Vijayawada (M Corp. ) 40. 6 5. Meerut (M Corp. ) 40. 0 6. Raipur (M Corp. ) 39. 0 7. Nagpur (M Corp. ) 34. 3 8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC) 31. 9 9. Kota (M Corp. ) 31. 8 10. Agra (M Corp. ) 29. 8

Use of Occupied Census Houses India : 2011 INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh) Use of Census House Urban Slum Total Occupies Census Houses 990 160 Residence 761 133 24 3. 9 107 10. 8 School/College, etc 4 0. 5 Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 4 0. 4 Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 3 0. 3 15 2 6 0. 9 59 8 7 1 Residence-cum-other use Shop/Office Factory/ Workshop, etc Place of worship Other non-residential use Locked Census Houses

Use of Occupied Census Houses India : 2011 INDIA (in %) Use of Census House Urban Slum 100. 0 76. 9 82. 5 2. 4 10. 8 6. 7 School/College, etc 0. 4 0. 3 Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 0. 4 0. 2 Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 0. 3 0. 2 Factory/ Workshop, etc 1. 5 1. 2 Place of worship 0. 6 Other non-residential use 6. 0 5. 1 Locked Census House 0. 7 0. 6 Total Occupies Census Houses Residence-cum-other use Shop/Office

A Lane in a Slum

Households by Type of Census Houses – India HHs (in %) Type Urban Slum Permanent 84. 3 77. 7 Semi-permanent 11. 6 16. 0 Temporary 3. 2 5. 3 Any other 0. 9 1. 0

Slum Households by Structure of Census Houses (Permanent)

View of a Slum in Delhi

Households by Number of Room – India HHs (in %) Number of Room Urban Slum No exclusive room 3. 1 4. 4 One room 32. 1 44. 8 Two room 30. 6 29. 5 Three room 18. 4 12. 3 Four room 9. 3 5. 4 Five rooms and above 6. 5 3. 5

Households by Household Size– India HHs (in %) Household Size Urban Slum 1 member 3. 6 3. 7 2 members 9. 5 3 members 15. 9 14. 9 4 members 26. 4 25. 1 5 members 18. 5 19. 4 6 to 8 members 20. 6 22. 2 5. 4 5. 2 9 and above members

Households by Number of Married Couples – India HHs (in %) Number of married couples Urban Slum None 12. 7 13. 6 1 71. 1 72. 1 2 12. 6 11. 3 3 2. 8 2. 4 4 0. 6 0. 5 5 and above 0. 2 0. 1

Households by Ownership Status – India HHs (in %) Ownership Status of Census House Urban Slum Owned 69. 2 70. 2 Rented 27. 5 26. 3 Others 3. 3 3. 5

Source of Drinking Water – India HHs (in %) Source of drinking water 1. Tap Urban Slum 70. 6 74. 0 62. 0 65. 3 8. 6 8. 7 6. 2 3. 0 11. 9 12. 7 4. Tube well / Borehole 8. 9 7. 6 5. Other sources 2. 5 2. 8 From treated source From untreated source 2. Well 3. Hand pump

Waiting for Water Supply

Location of Drinking Water Source– India HHs (in %) Location Urban Slum 1. Within premises 71. 2 56. 7 2. Outside premises 28. 8 43. 3

Slum HHs by Location Drinking Water Source (Within premises)

Source of Lighting– India HHs (in %) Source of lighting 1. Electricity Urban 92. 7 Slum 90. 5 2. Kerosene 6. 5 8. 2 3. Solar 0. 2 0. 3 4. Other oil 0. 1 0. 2 5. Any other 0. 2 6. No lighting 0. 3 0. 5

Slum HHs by Fuel Used for Cooking (LPG/PNG)

Availability of Bathing Facility within Premises - India HHs (in %) Bathing Facility 1. Have facility (a) Bathroom (b) Enclosure without roof 2. Does not have facility Urban Slum 87. 0 81. 0 77. 5 66. 6 9. 5 14. 5 13. 0 19. 0

Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water Outlet– India HHs (in %) Drainage connectivity Urban Slum 1. Closed drainage 44. 5 36. 9 2. Open drainage 37. 3 44. 3 3. No drainage 18. 2 18. 8

Type of Latrine Facility– India HHs (in %) Type of latrine 1. Latrine within the premises Urban Slum 81. 4 66. 0 72. 6 57. 7 (b) Pit latrine 7. 1 6. 2 © Other latrine 1. 7 2. 2 18. 6 34. 0 6. 0 15. 1 12. 6 18. 9 (a) Water closet 2. No latrine within premises (a) Public latrine (b) Open

Availability of Kitchen– India HHs (in %) Availability of kitchen Total 1. Cooking inside house: Urban Slum 100. 0 95. 8 94. 1 (a) Has kitchen 77. 8 65. 3 (b) Does not have kitchen 18. 0 28. 8 3. 7 5. 4 (a) Has kitchen 1. 6 2. 0 (b) Does not have kitchen 2. 0 3. 4 0. 5 2. Cooking outside house 3. No cooking

Fuel used for Cooking– India HHs (in %) Fuel used for cooking 1. Fire-wood Urban Slum 20. 1 25. 8 2. Crop residue 1. 4 1. 6 3. Cow dung cake 1. 7 2. 1 4. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2. 9 3. 9 5. Kerosene 7. 5 14. 0 6. LPG/ PNG 65. 0 51. 3 7. Electricity 0. 1 8. Biogas 0. 4 0. 5 9. Any other 0. 2 0. 3 10. No cooking 0. 5

Households Availing Banking Services– India HHs (in %) Availing Banking Services Urban Slum 1. Availing 67. 8 53. 2 2. Not availing 32. 2 46. 8

Household Possessing Various Assets – India HHs (in %) Asset Urban Slum 1. Radio/Transistor 25. 3 18. 7 2. Television 76. 7 69. 6 3. Computer 18. 7 10. 4 8. 3 3. 3 10. 4 7. 1 With Internet Without Internet

Household Possessing Various Assets– India HHs (in %) Asset Urban Slum 82. 0 72. 7 Landline only 5. 9 4. 4 Mobile only 64. 3 63. 5 Both 11. 7 4. 8 6. Bicycle 41. 9 40. 2 7. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped 35. 2 22. 0 8. Car/Jeep/Van 9. 7 3. 6 9. None of the specified assets 7. 0 10. 7 5. Telephone

63. 5% HHs in Slums in India has Mobile

Slum HHs Having None of the Specified Assets

Life in a Slum

Life in a Slum

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