Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven M. I. K. Leussink J. J. A. M. Smeets
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Content • Introduction • Structure and use of housing stock Eindhoven • Allocation of housing • The choice based allocation system with lottery • Research method • Advertisements, applications, rejections and acceptations • Conclusions • Discussion
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Introduction • Mature housing market • Qualitative mismatch • Starters / movers ratio: 20 / 80% • Adequate allocation system
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Figure A: Structure and use of the housing stock in Eindhoven (2007)
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Allocation From Towards Distribution model Supply model (CBL-model) Landlord controlled Quasi-market Administrative allocation Choice based allocation Matching criteria No or less criteria Passive attitude (waiting list) Active participation Restricted freedom of choice Enlarged freedom of choice
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Allocation in Eindhoven Since 2003 revisited allocation system • Freedom of choice • Counteracting segregation • Quality of live Advertising of supply Selection by lottery
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Benefits of a lottery (Boyle, 1994) Hopefulness • You have not to wait many years, you have a chance soon Fairness • In the long run the tenant mix reflect the make-up of the waiting list Convenience • The administrators need only keep a list of those applying
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Choice (Brown & King, 2005) • Capability to act Effective choice (Brown & King, 2005) • Connects choice with access to resources Three principles for housing processes (King, 1996) • Limitation of regulation • Control by users • Access to resources
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Figure B: the choice based allocation system with lottery
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Research method • Data-mining process • Existing database: 13, 264 active dwelling seekers • Internet survey: 3, 780 participants
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Active house-hunters At least one application in the last year Age < 23 years 24 -30 years 31 -55 years 56 -70 years 71 > years Total N 2883 5544 3855 720 250 13252 % 21, 8% 41, 8% 29, 1% 5, 4% 1, 9% 100, 0% = 63, 6% ≠ 20% starter = 36, 4% ≠ 80% mover
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Rent-alerts Age < 23 years 24 -30 years 31 -55 years 56 -70 years 71 > years Total House-hunters with rent-alert 2886 380 5544 1368 3783 1259 792 462 259 185 13264 3654 Percentage 13, 2% 24, 7% 33, 3% 58, 3% 71, 4% 27, 5%
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Advertisements and applications (1 a) Types of dwelling types of dwelling applications advertisements applications/advertisement chance apartment with elevator 129. 827 471 276 0, 4% apartment without elevator 90. 231 155 582 0, 2% single-family dwelling 108. 499 123 882 0, 1% room/lodging 4. 541 37 123 0, 8% total 333. 098 786 424 0, 2%
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Advertisements and applications (1 b) Rental price rental price cheap affordable expensive total applications advertisements applications/advertisement chance 141. 611 304 466 0, 2% 183. 011 380 482 0, 2% 8. 476 102 83 1, 2% 333. 098 786 424 0, 2%
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Advertisements and applications (1 c) Target groups target groups applications advertisements applications/advertisement chance < 30 years old 26014 113 230 0, 4% 30 -55 years old 298935 441 678 0, 1% > 55 years old 8149 232 35 2, 8% total 333. 098 786 424 0, 2%
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Advertisements and rejections (2 a) Types of dwelling types of dwelling advertisements rejections/advertisement apartment with elevator 471 350 0, 74 apartment without elevator 155 67 0, 43 single-family dwelling 123 38 0, 31 room/lodging 37 61 1, 65 total 786 516 0, 66
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Advertisements and rejections (2 b) Rental price rental price cheap affordable expensive total advertisements rejections/advertisement 304 225 0, 74 380 200 0, 53 102 91 0, 90 786 516 0, 66
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Advertisements and rejections (2 c) Target groups target groups advertisements rejections/advertisement < 30 years old 113 124 1, 10 30 -55 years old 441 189 0, 43 > 55 years old 232 203 0, 88 total 786 516 0, 66
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven • Acceptation applicants (3) year applicant 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th Total 2007 N % 54 76% 12 17% 3 4% 2 3% 0 0% 71 100% N 165 37 14 8 2 1 227 2008 % 73% 16% 6% 4% 1% 0% 100% N 148 33 6 4 1 0 192 2009 % 77% 17% 3% 2% 1% 0% 100%
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Conclusions • Access to scarce resources • Choices are competitive • System more ‘chance-based’ then choice-based • System more effectively for supplier
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven Discussion • Access to resources is not opened up by choice-based systems • Information between applicants unequal
Housing market between choice and chance Housing allocation ‘by lottery’ in the rental market of Eindhoven The full paper will be put into the ERES digital library: http: //eres. scix. net/cgi-bin/works/Search? search=year: 2011+series: conference Thanks for your attention
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