Horse Breeding Prof Dr Necmettin NAL Ankara University

Horse Breeding Prof. Dr. Necmettin ÜNAL Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry

History and importance of horse breeding ü The horse has been more important in the past than today. ü It is accepted that the horse was domesticated in 3000 BC. Food Source (Meat, Milk) Force

History and importance of horse breeding ü After domestication, horses started to be used for various purposes, which have changed throughout history. ü Horses have been widely used in agriculture, transportation and army. ü In the armies, horses were extensively used until the second world war.

History and importance of horse breeding ü Nowadays, horse breeding is mostly undertaken for sport and recreation purposes. ü On the other hand, many farms in some countries or regions still use horses for agricultural work and the transportation of goods and people.

Breeding purposes q Work Horse • Agriculture • • Transportation Lugging Riding Carrying • After Worl War II; q Flat racing q Equestrian Sports q Meat production

Horse number (x Million head)

Horse number and distribution

Horse number in Turkey

Horse number in EU

The origin of the horse Domestication of thr horse Equus tarpan Equus prezevalski Equus robustus

Utilization of the horses I. Foal production II. Racing performance III. Meat production

The factors affecting racing performance q Race performance is a quantitative character influenced by genetic and environmental factors. 1. Genotype Racing Performance 2. Body structure 3. Environment

Horse meat production in World (Ton) (FAO)

Horse meat production in EU (Ton) (FAO)

Aging Horses by Their Teeth Sources of information for aging 1. Maxillary arcade and Mandibular Arcade 2. Milk (deciduous, temporary) and permanent incisors 3. Cups 4. Enamel spot 5. Dental star (yellowish-colored spot) 6. Hook 7. Galvayne's groove 8. Shape of the incisors (round, triangular, rectangular)

Aging Horses by Their Teeth There are 4 stages q 0 - 2, 5 years: Eruption milk incisors, and cup disappearing in the milk incisors q 2, 5 – 5 Years: Milk incisors shedding and eruption permanent incisors q 5 - 8 Years: Cup disappearing in the permanenet incisors in the bottom jaw q > 8 Years: Cup disappearing in the permanenet incisors in the top jaw. In addition, utilization from enamel spot, dental star, hook, Galvayne's Groove and shape of the incisors