HORNERS SYNDROME NEUROANATOMIC LESION LOCALIZATION AND NEUROOPTHALMIC SYNDROME

WHAT IS HORNER'S SYNDROME? • Horner's syndrome is a common neurological disorder of the

PATHWAY INVOLVEMENT Sympathetic pathways involves the presympathtic neurons-located in the intermediolateral gray matter of

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs occur on the same side of the face, and include:

DIAGNOSIS To diagnose Horner’s Syndrome, if the signs and symptoms are present then there

TREATMENT Horner's syndrome itself doesn't require any specific treatment, however, the pet will need

REFERENCES Gelatt, K. (2014) Essentials of veterinary ophthalmology (3 rd ed. ) Ames, Iowa:

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HORNER’S SYNDROME: NEUROANATOMIC LESION LOCALIZATION AND NEURO-OPTHALMIC SYNDROME By: Catrina Soto

WHAT IS HORNER'S SYNDROME? • Horner's syndrome is a common neurological disorder of the eye and facial muscles consisting of a cluster of clinical signs referable to the loss of ocular sympathetic innervation. • It is due to a dysfunction of the sympathetic nerves of the eyes and surrounding facial muscles. This is part of the autonomic nervous system, which helps to control normal functions such as blinking, muscle tone, • It is often classified as idiopathic, which means it is without known cause

PATHWAY INVOLVEMENT Sympathetic pathways involves the presympathtic neurons-located in the intermediolateral gray matter of spinal cord postganglionic sympathetic neurons-located in cranial cervical ganglion Normal sympatheic tone keeps globe slightly protruded Palpebral fissure opened Third eyelid retracted Pupil partially dilated Horner Syndrome (HS) is oculosympathetic paresis • Loss of sympathetic innervation to the eye • No major loss of ocular function • Vision and pupil reflexes remain intact • It is largely asymptomatic

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs occur on the same side of the face, and include: • Small pupil size (miosis), only in 1 of the eyes • Protrusion of the third eyelid • Visible third eye lid • Face will feel warmer, due to the dilatation of the blood vessels • Drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis) • Sunken appearance to the eye (enophthalmos) Dilation of blood vessels on affected side of the face, which makes the area feel warmer to the touch

DIAGNOSIS To diagnose Horner’s Syndrome, if the signs and symptoms are present then there is a positive diagnosis. But it is more difficult to find the cause of the condition. • Complete exam including an otoscopic exam of the ears • Neurological exam • Radiographs • Chemistry panels • Complete blood count Advanced diagnostics can show brain, spinal cord lesions • CT scan • MRI

TREATMENT Horner's syndrome itself doesn't require any specific treatment, however, the pet will need to be treated for the underlying cause of the condition. • such as surgery. For the affected eye phenylephrine drops can be placed in the affected eye every 12 -24 hours are administered. • improves the appearance of the eye and vision if it is being affected by the elevated third eyelid.

REFERENCES Gelatt, K. (2014) Essentials of veterinary ophthalmology (3 rd ed. ) Ames, Iowa: Wiley Blackwell Horne' Syndrome - Northwest Animal Eye Specialists - Kirkland, WA. (2007, September 21) Retrieved from http: //www. northwestanimaleye. com/horners-syndrome. pml Horner's Syndrome in Dogs. (2017). Retrieved from ? c=2+2092&aid=2478 http: //www. peteducation. com/article. cfm