Hormonal Regulation of Carbohydrates Hormones What are hormones

Hormonal Regulation of Carbohydrates

Hormones What are hormones?

Islet of Langerhans

Blood Glucose Level When B. G. L is high When B. G. L is low • Insulin is released (β) • Glucagon is released (α) • Muscles and liver takes in glucose (why? ) • Epinephrine and cortisol are released • Excess glucose is turned into fat (why? ) • Hydrolysis of glycogen

Hypoglycemia • • Feel nauseated, dizzy, irritable, sleepy, etc Too much insulin Prolonged exercise Reactive hypoglycemia • Fasting hypoglycemia

Insulin-Responsive Glucose Transporter

a lot more complex…

Insulin Promotes Energy Storage • Uptake of glucose into some cells • Glycogenesis: glucose glycogen • Glucose fatty acids (irreversible) • Stimulate protein synthesis

Glucagon Promotes Mobilization of Stored Energy • Glycogenolysis: glycogen glucose • Gluconeogenesis: amino acids glucose • Ketogenesis: fatty acids glucose

Immediate Energy Source • Cortisol released in response to a “fight or flight” situation – Decrease glucose uptake (exept for the brain) – Stimulate gluconeogenesis

Ketogenesis • • Fatty acids ketones Occurs in the liver Stimulated by glucagon Energy usable by the brain, heart, muscles, and kidney • Accumulation of ketones ketosis

Concept Map again… but yay~!! Groups of 3 • Blood glucose level • Chemical reactions in b. g. l. regulation • Hormones involved in b. g. l. regulation • Body tissues involved in b. g. l regulation