Hopi Native Americans Against All Odds Hopi One

Hopi Native Americans Against All Odds

Hopi �One of the oldest living cultures �Ancestors to Puebloan tribes who built many stone structures

Hopi �Today they live on 1. 5 million acressmall compared to what they once had �Live on 3 Mesas � 10 in of rain/snow a year

Dry Farming �Produce Corn, Beans, Melons, Squash and others �Set up Windbreakers to help soil retain moisture �Plant in terraces

Livestock �Raise sheep and cattle in small amounts �Spanish introduced this to Hopi 17 th C.

Resourcefulness �Hopi utilize 134 plant species for food, grooming, basketry, and housekeeping

Arts and Crafts � 1 st Mesa famous for pottery � 2 nd Mesa for coiled basketry � 3 rd Mesa for wicker basketry, weaving, kachina doll carvings and silversmithing.

Arts and Crafts- 1 st Mesa �Hand Built �Used for storage and cooking as well as ceremonies �Pots were often buried with the dead.

Arts and Crafts- 1 st Mesa �The pottery practice declined 1700 and on until 1885. �Archaeological excavations at Sikyatki (on 1 st Mesa) uncovered old pottery pieces.

Arts and Crafts-1 st Mesa � Motifs include birds, feathers, stars, suns, circles, four directions, sky and clouds � "Two Birds from the Kiva Mural at Pottery Mound" � 3 1/2" tall x 6 1/4 " in diameter.

Arts and Crafts- 2 nd Mesa • Hopi Baskets are made from plants materials found on the reservation including rabbit brush, sumac, dune brush, and yucca.

Arts and Crafts- 3 rd Mesa �Kachina Doll Carvings �Kachinas are spirit beings that bring rain and abundant harvest to Hopi people

Territory Threats �Settled in 1200 AD �They live on 3 mesas �Early on, Hopi were threatened by Ute and Apaches �They retreated to Mesas for protection

Territory Threats � 17 th C. , Hopi forcefully resisted Spanish Catholic Missionaries �Tewa Tribe helped protect Hopi’s and Tewas became part of Hopi Tribe This image is the artist’s interpretation of the expedition. Painting by Frederick Remington (1898)

Territorial Threats � 1882, President Chester A. Arthur designated Hopi Reservation Land �He gave them 2. 5 million acres, but little of which included their established ceremonial grounds

Territorial Threats �Peabody Western Coal Company �It provides income and jobs to reservations �Electricity from mines helps power cities in Southern California, Phoenix, Tucson, and Las Vegas

Grand Canyon History, Arizona State University, 2008 Peabody Energy. com, 2013 � The � “Peabody’s mines and power plants pollute the air, degrade the environment and deplete the aquifer and springs. environmental and community practices on Black Mesa were recognized as a world model for sustainability at the Energy Globe Awards in Brussels, Belgium. ” Territorial Threats

Territory Threats �Currently holding out on Navajos who are encroaching on the Hopi’s territory.

Imagine. . �You were on the archaeological team that discovered pottery pieces at Sikyatki on 1 st Mesa. �How do you feel about this discovery? �How will you convince others that this is an important

Compare �What do you think archaeologists will discover from our time? �How will it compare to Hopi pottery pieces? �How will the discovery be important?

Bring in Old T Shirts!

Sources �http: //grandcanyonhistory. clas. asu. ed u/sites_adjacentlands_hopireservation. html �Multicultural Studio Art Projects for Secondary Students by Susan Hogan �http: //www. carnegiemnh. org/online/ind ians/hopi/threats. html �http: //www. penfieldgallery. com/artistsp otters/nevapolnamp-5. html �http: //www 8. nau. edu/hcpop/Arts. Fact. Yth. pdf