HOOK VIDEO World War II Begins 1939 1945

HOOK VIDEO World War II Begins 1939 - 1945

Causes of World War II n Failure of Treaty of Versailles Appeasement n Nationalism n Militarism n Alliances n Isolationism & Pacifism n League of Nations n

Failure of Treaty of Versailles n n Not enforceable Germany has no choice but to try and break it…why? ? ?

Appeasement - “if we don’t get involved in small fights, we’ll avoid a big fight” n Munich Conference – 1938 • England France give in to some of Hitler's demands in the hopes that he will not take more

Nationalism n Germany • Prove its superiority and get revenge for Treaty of Versailles n Italy • Return to the glory days of Rome when Italy was powerful n Japan • Establish its dominance in Asia

Militarism n Germany • Annexes surrounding areas • Creates the "Third Reich“ n Italy • Invades Ethiopia n Japan • Invades Manchuria, Korea, and China

Alliances n Axis • Germany • Italy • Japan n Allies • Great Britain • France

Isolationism & Pacifism n U. S. • Avoid involvement in European conflict n Europe • Avoid another war and continue to recover from WWI

League of Nations n Unable to back up demands -- no military strength

Worldwide Depression n Countries short of supplies Still trying to recover from World War I Economic hard times worldwide 1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutschmarks

The Rise of Dictators n n n Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I Didn’t have enough money to do this Adolf Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Blamed Jews for many of the problems.

National Socialists, or Nazis n Political party with Hitler in charge n Grew in power and started an army n Soldiers, called storm troopers n n Attacked Jewish people and others opposed to Hitler Put prisoners into terrible prisons called concentration camps.

Hitler Encourages Attacks n n Anti-Semitism: persecution of Jews “Kristallnacht” Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 9, 1938); beginning of Jewish persecution OPTIONAL VIDEO

Nazis in Control n n n 1933 took control of German government Hitler ruled as a dictator, an all-powerful ruler. Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. n Built tanks, guns and other war supplies n Wanted to Rule the World

German Dictator, Adolf Hitler’s Speech To see his dynamic and motivating speaking abilities From 2: 36

The Lion King and Hitler just can’t wait to be king https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. No. SV 8 EZ 2 M n Scar’s Song: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=H_Wduw. M 3 a. JA https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xk. U 23 m 6 y. X 04 (better video, all English) Two funny optional music videos, time permitting

Other Dictators n n Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union Dictatorship – country ruled by one allpowerful person n Francisco Franco ruled Spain n Benito Mussolini ruled Italy. n Hirohito ruled Japan

The War Begins n n n Japan, Italy, and Germany began taking over other countries AXIS POWERS Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland British and French leaders had enough! Declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939. British and French not able to stop Germany from taking over other countries.

Germany’s Secret Pact with Russia n n Stalin signs 10 -year nonaggression pact with Hitler, & said they would divide Poland; USSR could take back Finland & Baltics Now Hitler not threatened by Soviet attack from the east

Germany’s Lightning Attack on Poland n n Hitler wanted to conquer Poland surprise attack on Sept. 1, 1939 Rained bombs & terror; tanks & trucks carried in 1. 5 million German soldiers Attack called BLITZKRIEG or “lightning war” Invasion was 1 st cause of WWII

The Phony War n n After fall of Poland, strange calm Germany & France mobilized to borders, & waited for each other to attack nothing happened Fake war called “sitzkrieg” Then…Hitler launched attack on Denmark & Norway (wanted access to Britain)

Germany Attacks France n n German troops sweep through Belgium & France trapped at beaches of Dunkirk In most heroic act of war, Great Britain sets out to rescue soldiers carried 338, 000 to safety

Fall of France n n Mussolini (Italy) joins Hitler & France surrenders, June 22, 1940 French general, Charles de Gaulle tries to organize resistance with Britain against new German power

Germany Attacks Britain n Now Britain stands alone against Nazis Winston Churchill (prime minister): “We shall never surrender…” Hitler’s plan: Operation Sea Lion Luftwaffe (Ger. Air Force) 1 st knock out Royal Air Force (RAF) & then land invasion…but Britain had: • Radar • Enigma (Ger. Code breaking machine) n BATTLE OF BRITAIN ended May 10, 1941 with a British victory

Germany Attacks Mediterranean Region n Germany/Italy attack North Africa want Suez Canal (Brit. owned) to get to oil fields in Middle East • Brit. fought back, but lost to Germany n Hitler takes the Balkans n Set up to take Soviet Union

Germany Attacks Soviet Union n Operation Barbarossa take down Soviet Union • Russians “scorched-earth policy” (same as Napoleon fight) n Hitler employs blitzkrieg & tried to starve out people in Leningrad/Moscow, but didn’t surrender winter came!

The United States n n Many thought we should stay out President Franklin Roosevelt promised to keep us out of war Neutrality Acts Prepared for attack just in case 1 st peacetime draft • Men ages 21 -39 had to register • Started making war supplies n But Sept. 4 th, 1941 a U-Boat fires & US in undeclared naval war w/ Germany

JAPAN STRIKES IN THE PACIFIC

Japanese Invasion Spreads n n n Japanese invaded Indochina, now what is Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam American leaders were afraid Japan would threaten the Philippines & other Pacific islands They were RIGHT!

U. S. Enters the War n n December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaiian Islands Dropped bombs on American ships at the Pearl Harbor naval base Less than two hours, Japan destroyed most of U. S. Pacific fleet More than 2, 000 sailors & 68 civilians killed

Declaration of War n n n Day after the attack at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan Congress declared war that same day. Italy & Germany, Japan’s allies, declared war on the U. S. three days later.

Dec. 7, 1941 VIDEO “a date which will live in infamy” - FDR

Sides are Drawn Axis Powers n n n Germany Japan Italy Allies n n n United States Britain France

Americans at War n Produced more and more airplanes, tanks, and other war supplies n Created new jobs n World War II ended Great Depression n Women took over many jobs n Power of federal government grew n Rationing (limiting what Americans could buy) so supplies could be sent overseas.

Allies Strike Back n n n Bataan Death March in Phillipines one of reasons US bombed Japan US sent L. C. Doolittle to bomb major cities in Japan (Doolittle’s raid on Japan) Japan targets Midway Island (key US airfield) Battle of Midway • Turned tide of war in Pacific against Japan • American success Midway

Allies Take the Offensive n Gen. Douglas Mac. Arthur commander of Allied forces in Pacific • “island-hopping campaign” • “Hit em’ where they ain’t, let ‘em die on the vine” n Battle of Guadalcanal “Island of Death”

Problems for Japanese Americans n n n Some military leaders distrusted Japanese Americans Were afraid they would help the “enemy” Roosevelt ordered 110, 000 Japanese Americans into “relocation camps” • • • Like prisons, fenced in w/ barbed wire Soldiers guarded camps w/ guns Had to sell their homes, businesses, & belongings.

Problems Continue n n n Moved to Utah, California, Arizona, Wyoming, Arkansas, and Idaho Had to wear identification tags Over 17, 000 Japanese Americans served in Army units even though their friends & families were being locked away by their own country.

Holocaust Begins n Mass slaughter of people n Nazis believe Aryans were “master race” n n n Anti-Semitism: persecution of Jews Nuremberg Laws Jews wore bright yellow star for ID Kristallnacht: “Night of Broken Glass”, beginning of persecution

Isolating Jews n n n Hitler 1 st tried to kick Jews out, but countries refusing admittance Herded them into ghettos (segregated areas) to starve or die from disease Jews struggled to keep traditions and hang on

Hitler’s Final Solution n Hitler impatient Jews not dying fast enough, so new plan, “Final Solution” • Genocide (mass killing) • 1940 -1942 n n n SS rounded up Jews & taken to concentration camps most lost 50 lbs in 1 st month Gas chambers, horrible conditions, crematoriums Roughly 11 million deaths

ALLIES ARE VICTORIOUS Hitler Summary Video

Stalin Asks for Help n n Stalin needs to relieve German pressure asks Allies to open 2 nd front in west (would split German forces) Allies agree, but going to Egypt first Stalin upset

Battle in Egypt n n British forces heading to Egypt to fight Rommel/Germans Battle of El Alamein Allies launch Operation Torch American General Dwight D. Eisenhower in charge Rommel/Germans defeated

Hitler in Russia n n While Germans are losing in Egypt, also suffering losses in Russia Hitler sent last effort to Stalingrad (500, 000 ppl), major industrial center Battle of Stalingrad blitzkrieg destroyed 90% of city But another Russian winter set in & Germans had to retreat

Italy Surrenders n n n Stalin still wants Britain & France to invade France & attack Germans Took care of Italy 1 st surrendered Sept. 3 rd, 1942 Reign of Mussolini over

Life on Allied Home Fronts n n Total war effort Car factories made tanks; typewriter companies made bullets n Rationing n Kids collect scrap metal n Japanese Americans imprisoned

Allied Victory in Europe n Allies winning Operation Overlord • Greatest land/sea attack in history • Allied troops land in Normandy, France • Called D-Day n n Allies pushing Hitler from east & Stalin pushing from west (two-front) Battle of the Bulge Hitler tries to break through Allied line in France, but American forces swoop in & help win

Germany’s Unconditional Surrender n April 29, 1945 Hitler marries Ava Braun • Final note: blamed Jews & his Generals • Hitler & wife took poison, then he shot himself body burned n n FDR dies before official surrender, so successor Harry Truman accepts surrender May 8 th, 1945 US & Allies celebrate V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

VIDEO

Victory in the Pacific n n n War in Europe over, but Allies still fighting Japan Battle of Guadalcanal, Japanese lost & retreating, but employing kamikaze (suicide pilots) technique March 1945 Allies finally take Iwo Jima & Okinawa (bloodiest battles)

Atomic Bomb Brings Japanese Surrender n n n Pres. Truman learns about atomic bomb weapon makes decision to drop it in Japan (after warning) Aug. 6 th, 1945 1 st A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima Aug. 9 th, 1945 2 nd A-bomb dropped on Nagasaki Japan surrendered to Gen. Mac. Arthur on Sept. 2 nd http: //www. history. com/topics/world-war-ii/trinity-test/videos

World War II 1939 -1945

Devastation of Europe and Japan

Destruction of War n 60 million deaths (40 million Europeans) n 50 million uprooted from homes n Billions of dollars in damage n n Some lived in partially destroyed homes or caves; no water or electricity; little food Many now living in different countries

Postwar Governments n n n Some governments in smaller countries returned But Germany, France, & Italy’s government brought to ruins Communist Party promised change, & people ready to listen but started with violent strikes & people backed away

An Attempt at Justice n Nuremberg Trials 22 Nazi leaders charged w/ waging war of aggression & crimes against humanity • 12 sentenced to death; 3 suicides; rest hanged • Only 1 expressed remorse n Rest of those not captured fled to South America

Effects of Defeat in Japan n n n 2 million Japanese died Allies took away Japanese colonies Mac. Arthur began demilitarization disbanding Japanese armed forces 25 leaders brought to trial; 6 hanged Mac. Arthur set up parliamentary democracy (constitutional monarchy) like Britain’s, May 3, 1947 US did not provide aid to Japan

A New Charter n Atlantic Charter agreement promising free trade and selfdetermination for all freed countries

Friends n n US & 48 other nations signed peace treaty with Japan had no armed forces, so agreed to have US protection WWII changed political landscape weakened some countries & strengthened others Soviet Union & US Allies…for now