Hook Video AGE OF EXPLORATION A SEARCH FOR

Hook Video AGE OF EXPLORATION A SEARCH FOR SPICES 1400 - 1800

REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION � European demand for gold, spices, natural resources � Support for diffusion (spread) of Christianity � Political & economic competition between European empires

WHY ARE SPICES IMPORTANT? � Europeans want spices preserve & improve food, make medicine, cosmetics & perfumes � “SPICE ISLANDS” – East Indies (present day Indonesia, Malaysia & New Guinea), & India

Countries

WHERE DO THE SPICES GO? Video � Muslims/Arabs trade spices, with Italians, then… � Italian traders get spices & travel west across Mediterranean to sell for 40 x original price! � Portugal & Spain seek new route to Asia no more Muslim middlemen (Ottomans)

REMEMBER: 3 G’s and a T MAIN REASONS FOR EXPLORATION � GOLD: some seek riches/power � GLORY: Some want to learn about new people/ideas & take credit � GOD: some want to spread Christianity � TECHNOLOGY: made voyages possible

TECHNOLOGY: MERCATOR PROJECTION � Cartographers make maps � New kind of map that showed true direction (latitude/longitude)

TECHNOLOGY: ASTROLABE � Used to determine latitude at sea � Originally used by Ancient Greeks, then improved by Muslims � Brass circle w/ adjustable rings sights stars for direction

TECHNOLOGY: CARAVEL � larger, faster, & more maneuverable � Multiple masts, triangular sails & new kind of rudder enabled sailors to steer into the wind � Cannons on side Video

TECHNOLOGY: COMPASS � Magnetic � First developed by Chinese & Europeans improved it for sailing

WHO STARTS SAILING FIRST? � PORTUGAL leads the way � Prince Henry (“the Navigator”) �builds school for navigators, cartographers & explorers �sponsored voyages along west coast of Africa searching for route to Asia for spices & gold from Africa Video (stop at 4 min)

BARTOLOMEU DIAS � rounded southern tip of Africa Cape of Good Hope (they were hopeful they would find a route to Asia; good “hope” they were still alive) � Got beaten up by a storm & had to go back

VASCO DA GAMA � Video clip � 1497 - sails around Cape of Good Hope all the way to Calicut, India � buys spices (like pepper & cinnamon) & sells them at 4, 000 X the original price!

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS � Spain joins the race! Hires Columbus (Italian) to sail west hoping to hit EAST INDIES � Instead reached WEST INDIES (Bahamas off Florida) � But thought he reached Asia tensions growing between Spain & Portugal

MORE ON COLUMBUS � Made several more voyages through Caribbean islands � Wrote King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella (Spain) that native people, the Tainos, were easy to convert & enslave Video

Discovery of America Videos The Mutiny video: http: //www. history. com/topics/exploration/christophercolumbus/videos/columbus-faces-down-the-mutinouscrew? m=528 e 394 da 93 ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=fals e � In a nutshell video: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=U 7 Hx. Cs. Pho 34&in dex=8&list=PLA 4 RH 8 KVy 9 m 7 Qvj. Hxif 8 b. Dz. Q 8 Qt. G 01 n e. G � The Real Story of Columbus video http: //www. history. com/topics/exploration/christophercolumbus/videos/christopher-columbus-man-and-myth �

FERDINAND MAGELLAN � In search of westward route to “Spice Islands” � 1519 – reaches water passage at southern tip of South America (Strait of Magellan) � Connects to Pacific Ocean & his crew CIRCUMNAVIGATES the globe � He dies in Philippines � Out of 237 men, only 18 make it home

JACQUES CARTIER � 1534 French explorer � Reached a gulf off east coast of Canada � Led to a river he named “St. Lawrence” & he followed it inland to Mont Royal (Montreal) � Helped to start New France

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE � 1580’s English captain � Raided Spanish ships & colonies � Eventually leads British navy to victory over Spanish Armada in 1588

NATIONALISM � The Dutch (Netherlands) create a bustling trading empire throughout Indian ocean � Pride in your country � Driving force behind competition for exploration � Colonies set up in newly conquered lands to establish control (harsh) � All leads to decimation of indigenous (native) peoples

Music Videos Discovering America https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XWY 50 m H 5 aw. Q � I Can’t Wait to Colonize https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qsy. EGQ mcmz. E I’m Spanish and I Know It https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=En. Ax. X 5 Ic OOI