HONORS BIOLOGY UNIT 4 TEST ODDS AND ENDS

HONORS BIOLOGY: UNIT 4 TEST ODDS AND ENDS Mrs. Sicinski 2020

Do each of us have our own unique DNA sequence? How do our cells know how to perform different jobs? GENE REGULATION

GENE REGULATION Gene regulation is the process that allows for cell specialization. Do all somatic cells have the same DNA/genetic information? How does a cell in your eyeball have a different function than a cell in your femur, for example? Genes (special coding regions on the DNA molecule are either turned on or turned off depending on the structure and function of the cell.

HUMAN GENOME • The human genome is the entire DNA sequence found in the nuclei of each cell. • Each human’s genome is the specific sequence of nitrogenous bases. • There are coding and non-coding portions of the human genome. This means that some parts of a human’s DNA don’t have a specific protein that it codes for.

GENE EXPRESSION What is a gene? A gene is a trait coded for by a specific portion of the DNA molecule. Genes are the most basic unit of heredity. Genes control the characteristics that an offspring will have. Codes for a specific protein. Remember, proteins are strands of amino acids in a specific sequence! Some proteins are simple, and some can be very

HOX GENES HOX genes code for placement of body structures. HOX genes are found only in EUKARYOTES! Remember: Eukaryotes have cells with nuclei. HOX genes are NOT FOUND IN PROKARYOTES! Prokaryotes are for the most part bacteria. Cyanobacteria are also included.