HOMONYMY AND POLYSEMY By Fourth Group Members Nopel

HOMONYMY AND POLYSEMY By Fourth Group Members: Nopel Sahrul Putra E 1 D 107 078 Siti Lathipatul Hikmah E 1 D 110 116 Zahrina Kartika E 1 D 110047

HOMONYMY The word "homonym" comes from the conjunction of the Greek : qprefix homo-, meaning "same", and qsuffix -ṓnymos, meaning "name". Homonymy is one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation, but have different meaning.

Generally, Homonymy is expressed in two broadways: 1. Homography: identical spelling and different meaning e. g. Bow 2. Homophony: different spelling and similar pronunciation. E. g feet and feat

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOMONYMS • Full homonyms are identical in sound in all their forms of paradigms of two or more different words: Example: Sole 1 means bottom of shoe and Sole 2 means kind of fish. Full homonymy may be found in different parts of speech E. g. For [fo: ] — preposition, for [fo: ] — conjunction, four [fo: ] — numeral, These parts of speech have no other word-forms.

• Partial homonymy - is identical only in some of the forms : - Examples : to find to founded know no knows nose knew

Continue…. . • Lexical Homonyms, example, trunk (part of an elephant) and trunk (a storage chest). • Grammatical Homonyms, Verbs occurring as transitive and intransitive or lexical units that occur as nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. (e. g. cut (v. ), cut (n. ), cut (adj. )) are examples of such homonyms (ibid. ). • Lexico-grammatical homonyms, have no link between their lexical meaning and belong to different part of speech. Ex : tear (N)-tear (V) bear - bare

POLYSEMY Refers to cases where a lexeme (word) has more than one meaning but related sense. Example: - “a chip” : a piece of wood, food, or electronic circuit -” capitalist” : person who owns a business, supporter of capitalism; person who owns a business - “ head “ : part of the body above neck, person in charge of an organisation

Type of polysemy • Polysemy motivated by metaphor refers to a relationship in which a core sense ‘moves’ to something ‘nearby’. example : the foot of a sock is the part that covers the foot. As a measurement of length • Polysemy motivated by metonymy refers to a relationship in which the new sense involves an analogy or a jump of imagination. example : foot can also refer to the bottom part of something that does not actually have feet, e. g. the foot of a mountain or the foot of a ladder.

Homonymy vs Polysemy In semantic analysis, theoretical distinction between homonymy and polysemy creates a problem that has captivated the attention of many linguists. Polysemy (pollyseamus in Latin) is defined roughly as the existence of one lexeme with many related meanings. The fact that polysemy is a property of single words is what differentiates it from homonymy in principle (Lyons 1982: 146). For instance, the words neck, guard, music, and bachelor are polysemous since each one of them appears in standard dictionaries of English as a single lexeme with several distinguishable meanings, whereas homonyms generally have separate dictionary entries often marked with superscripts 1, 2, and so forth. (Fromkin et al. 2003: 180).

Differences between polysemy and homonymy Criteria polysemy Homonymr Existence Word level Structure Single form Similar form Orthography Do not vary in spelling May vary in spelling Utterence Mostly due to context Due to meaning and ethimology Context Plays in vital role Has No role to play

Conclusion Homonymy is the group of words which are similar in spelling and/or prounonciation but different in meaning. However, polysemy is the single word which has different meaning. In polysemy, the different sense of single item re seen as being related in some non-trivial way, whereas in homonymy, the multiple encoding is a matter of historical accident.

Reference Dash, Niladri Sekhar. Polysemy and homonymy: A Conceptual Labyrinth. Kolkata Klepousniotou, Ekaterini. 2001. The Processing of Lexical Ambiguity: Homonymy and Polysemy in the Mental Lexicon. Canada: Published online https: //webspace. utexas. edu/wechsler/Krifka 06 Polysmy. pdf? uniq=-sgaq 17 http: //www. idealibrary. com

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