Homicide DR NANG KHIN MYA Definitions Disciplines of

Homicide DR NANG KHIN MYA

Definitions Disciplines of Forensic Toxicology LEARNING OBJECTIVES Types of Poison Duties of doctor in case of poisoning Purposes of learning toxicology Divisions of forensic unit in Malaysia

What is Homicide ? • The killing of a human being by another human being. INTRODUCTION • The word derives from the Latin compound homicidam which combines homo (man) with the verb caedere ( to kill). • Murder is an inhuman act with the intention of causing harm or taking other people‟s life (Alvarez and Bachman, 2003). • It is perceived as the most serious (Mohanty et al. 2005) and extreme form of violence (Edirinsinghe and Kitulwatte 2009) committed against a person.

• Death investigation Documentation of scene and circumstances DISCIPLINES OF FORENSIC INVESTIGATION Autopsy using photography, diagrams and text Analyzing body fluids and organs from death cases and work with pathologists Analyzing exhibited weapons or evidences

• Homicide is commonly seen in male DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF MURDER VICTIMS • Types of murder weapon • Sharp objects were the most preferred murder weapon • harp force trauma (30. 1%) and cause of deaths. • The chest and abdomen (31. 1%) were the most targeted body parts in killing victims, followed by the head (20. 3%).

TYPES OF POISON Corrosive poisons : Strong mineral acids and organic acids Metallic poisons : Lead, Arsenic, Mercury and Copper Animal poisons : Snake and Scorpion bites Deliriants : Datura, Cannabis and Cocaine Somniferous agents : Opium, Morphine and other opioids Inebriants : Methyl and Ethyl alcohol Asphyxiant poisons : Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide Methane and cyanides

Medico-legal autopsy DUTIES OF DOCTOR IN CASE OF POISONING Preservation and dispatch of viscera for chemical analysis Role of Forensic Science Laboratory

To produce a physician who is well informed about Medico-legal responsibility during his/her practice of Medicine. PURPOSES OF LEARNING TOXICOLOGY To produce a physician who is capable of making observations and inferring conclusions by logical deductions to set enquiries on the right track in criminal matters and associated medico-legal problems. To produce a physician who acquires knowledge of law in relation to Medical practice, Medical negligence and respect for codes of Medical ethics.

FORENSIC LAB IN KOTA KINABALU, SABAH Department of Chemistry Sabah Branch Forensic Unit Environmental Health Unit • • • Narcotics Toxicology Forensic DNA Criminalistic Document Examination Food Water Environment Microbiology Industry and Trade Tariff Classification

NARCOTICS • The analysis of seized substances relating to possession and trafficking of dangerous drugs • Investigation of clandestine laboratories • Drug profiling Examples: • Heroin • Cannabis, Marijuana (Ganja) • Methamphetamine (Syabu)

TOXICOLOGY • The detection of “poisons” in medico-legal cases, clinical toxicology and the control of pharmaceutical drugs. Examples: • Alcohol analysis in blood, urine and vitreous humor • Human poisoning • Animal poisoning • Heavy metal poisoning • Drugs in body fluids • Scheduled poisons

FORENSIC DNA • Analysis on evidentiary biological samples such as bloodstains, seminal stains, hair and other biological samples encountered in the investigation of murder, suspicious deaths, rape and other sexual offences, assault, and various other crimes.

CRIMINALISTIC • Examination of physical evidence related to criminal cases, covering areas such as firearms examination, vehicle examination, trace evidence, pirated optical discs etc. • Services are also provided for scene investigation of fire/arson, explosion and accident cases

DOCUMENT EXAMINATION • • • Examination of handwriting Examination of signature Examination of alteration Examination of typewriting Identification of printing process Examination of indentation Examination of charred document Analysis of ink Analysis of paper Consultancy services related to document examination

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