Homework 3 is due now Bonus 2 is
Homework #3 is due now Bonus #2 is posted No class 11/20 or 22 Federal Spending on Cancer http: //www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/NCI/research-funding
{Meiosis: producing gametes} For life to exist, the information (genes) must be passed on. {Mitosis: producing more cells}
Asexaul Reproduction extremely low genetic diversity vs. Sexaul Reproduction greater genetic diversity
Meiosis splits apart the pairs of chromosomes. Fig 2. 19 X 23 in humans
haploid X 23 in humans diploid X 23 in humans Inheritance = The interaction between genes inherited from Mom and Dad.
Box 2. 2 Crossingover Meiosis: In humans, crossing -over and (Ind. Assort. ) independent assortment lead to over 1 trillion possible unique gametes. (1, 000, 000) Meiosis II 4 Haploid cells, each unique
Genotype Phenotype Genes code for proteins (or RNA). These gene products give rise to traits… It is rarely this simple. Figs 1. 15 -17
Incomplete dominance givers rise to blending.
Human blood types AA or AO BB or BO AB (Codominance) OO
Sex determination is normally inherited by whole chromosomes or by number of chromosomes.
X/Y chromosomes in humans
The X chromosome has many genes; the Y chromosome only has genes for maleness.
• Human sex chromosomes Fig 2. 25
Sex-linked traits are genes located on the X chromosome
Color Blind Test
Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal; a= colorblind normal similar to Fig 2. 27 colorblind No one affected, female carriers
Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal; a= colorblind normal 50% of males affected, 0 % females affected similar to Fig 2. 27
Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal; a= colorblind normal similar to Fig 2. 27 colorblind 50% males affected, 50% females affected
Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome A= normal ; a= colorblind No one affected, female carriers similar to Fig 2. 27 50% of males affected, 0 % female affected 50% males affected, 50% females affected
X/Y chromosomes in humans should give rise to equal numbers of males and females
105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?
105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?
Is this all of your DNA?
Mitochondria have their own DNA. Fig 3. 18
Endosymbiotic Theory - proposed origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from free-living bacteria to cellular organelles
Human Life Cycle Combination of two individuals DNA
Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring. mitochondria Pg 112
Human Life Cycle In females Mom provides 50. 000275% and Dad provides 49. 999825% of DNA to offspring. … because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:
During the Bolshevik revolution, the Tsar’s family was captured and executed. Tsar’s Family
There are many stories about what happened to their youngest daughter Anastasia Tsar’s Family
Anna Anderson, claimed she was Anastasia
Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia, but tests of her mt. DNA and one of Anastasia’s maternal relatives did not match.
For more info check out: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia Or the book “Seven Daughters of Eve” by Bryan Sykes
Homework #3 is due now Bonus #2 is posted No class 11/20 or 22 Federal Spending on Cancer http: //www. cancer. gov/cancertopics/factsheet/NCI/research-funding
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