Homeostasis The Endocrine System Chapter 10 Pages 473

Endocrine System endocrine system – hormones – • Greek origins: to excite / set

Hormone Discovery - 1889 Joseph van Mering & Oscar Minkowski • removed pancreas from

Hormone Roles • Hormones are specific to target cells How do they know where

1. Steroid Hormones • • Made from cholesterol Not soluble in water 1. Diffuse

Steroid Hormone Action H H R R binding area

2. Protein Hormones • • Short peptide sequences Water soluble 1. 2. 3. 4.

Protein Hormone Action H ATP R cyclic AMP + PPi other enzymes

The Endocrine Glands • A series of organs, called glands, that: • Also includes

Hypothalmus • Part of the brain • Produces hormones that act on the _____

Pituitary Gland • “Master gland” that controls many of the other glands • Two

Growth hormone • Controls : • Problems can lead to dwarfism or giantism

Thyroid and Parathyroid • Found in the front of the throat • Hormones: •

Thyroid and Parathyroid • Thyroxine: • Increases : • Essential for : • Contains

Thyroid and parathyroid • Important for the control of calcium levels • Calcium is

Adrenal Gland • Located on the kidneys • Hormones: • Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: •

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Homeostasis: The Endocrine System Chapter 10 Pages 473 - 481

Hormones

Endocrine System endocrine system – hormones – • Greek origins: to excite / set in motion

Hormone Discovery - 1889 Joseph van Mering & Oscar Minkowski • removed pancreas from dogs • rapid weight loss • fatigued • ants gathered around urine • pancreas related to regulating body sugars

Hormone Roles • Hormones are specific to target cells How do they know where to go? • target cells have ______ for hormones Two hormone types: 1. steroid hormones 2. protein hormones

1. Steroid Hormones • • Made from cholesterol Not soluble in water 1. Diffuse from cell of origin (through membranes) 2. Carried through blood by protein carriers (globulins) 3. Diffuse into target cell 4. Often moves into nucleus to affect

Steroid Hormone Action H H R R

Steroid Hormone Action H H R R binding area

2. Protein Hormones • • Short peptide sequences Water soluble 1. 2. 3. 4. Transported from cell of origin by secretory vacuoles Carried dissolved in blood Attach to surface receptors of target cells Activates enzymes to make other internal signals

Protein Hormone Action H ATP R cyclic AMP + PPi other enzymes

Glands

The Endocrine Glands • A series of organs, called glands, that: • Also includes organs from other systems that produce hormones • for example:

The Endocrine Glands

Hypothalmus • Part of the brain • Produces hormones that act on the _____ • Releasing hormones • Example: • Inhibiting hormones • Example:

Pituitary Gland • “Master gland” that controls many of the other glands • Two parts: Anterior and posterior • Hormones: • • •

Pituitary Gland

Growth hormone • Controls : • Problems can lead to dwarfism or giantism

Thyroid and Parathyroid • Found in the front of the throat • Hormones: • Thyroxine: • Calcitonin: • Parathyroid hormone (PTH):

Thyroid and Parathyroid • Thyroxine: • Increases : • Essential for : • Contains 4 iodine atoms • Lack of iodine in diet, causes this hormone to be overproduced and to build up in the thyroid • Disorder called goiter

Thyroid and parathyroid • Important for the control of calcium levels • Calcium is found in the: • Bone • Blood

Control of calcium levels

Adrenal Gland • Located on the kidneys • Hormones: • Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: • Aldosterone: • Cortisol: