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Closing entries transfer the temporary account balances to the owner’s capital account. After the closing entries are posted, a post-closing trial balance is prepared to verify that debits equal credits. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Explain why it is necessary to update accounts through closing entries. Explain the purpose of the Income Summary account. Explain the relationship between the Income Summary Account and the capital account. Analyze and journalize the closing entries. Post the closing entries to the general ledger. Prepare a post-closing trial balance. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Key Terms closing entries Income Summary account compound entry Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Completing the Accounting Cycle Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries After the closing entries have been journalized and posted, a trial balance is prepared. closing entries Journal entries made to close, or reduce to zero, the balances in the temporary accounts and to transfer the net income or net loss for the period to the capital account. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Starting the Eighth Step in the Accounting Cycle: Journalizing the Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Income Summary Account Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries The Income Summary Account Serves as a simple income statement in the general ledger Used to accumulate revenue and expenses for the period Income Summary account The general ledger account used to summarize the revenue and expenses for the period. Equals the net income or loss for the period Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Income Summary Account Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries is used only at the end of the accounting period to summarize revenue and expense balances. The Income Summary account is a temporary account that: does not have a normal balance. has a zero balance before and after the closing. does not appear on any financial statement. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparing the Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Enter Closing Entries in the Description column. To record closing entries in the general journal: Enter the last day of the accounting period. Enter the name(s) and amount(s) of the account(s) to be debited. Enter Income Summary as the name of the account to be credited and the amount to be credited. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Closing Entry First Closing Entry—Close Revenue to Income Summary See page 257 Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Closing Entry Second Closing Entry—Close Expenses to Income Summary See page 258 Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Closing Entry Second Closing Entry—Close Expenses to Income Summary See pages 258– 259 Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Closing Entry Third Closing Entry—Close Income Summary to Capital See page 259– 260 Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preparing Closing Entries Section 10. 1 Preparing Closing Entries Closing Entry Fourth Closing Entry—Close Withdrawals to Capital See page 261 Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Section 10. 2 Posting Closing Entries and Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Key Term post-closing trial balance Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Completing the Eighth Step in the Accounting Cycle: Posting the Closing Entries to the General Ledger Section 10. 2 Posting Closing Entries and Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Closing Entries Posted to the General Ledger Home Glencoe Accounting See page 263 Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Ninth Step in the Accounting Cycle: Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance Section 10. 2 Posting Closing Entries and Preparing a Post-Closing Trial Balance See page 265 post-closing trial balance A list of the permanent general ledger account balances; it is prepared to prove the ledger after the closing entries are posted. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2, 250 and a credit of $4, 125. (a) What does the debit of $2, 250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4, 125 represent? List the process to use to complete third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 1 Calculate the balance of the Income Summary account. Credits are more than debits; therefore, $4, 125 - $2, 250 = $1, 875 credit balance, which indicates a net income. Home Glencoe Accounting (continued) Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2, 250 and a credit of $4, 125. (a) What does the debit of $2, 250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4, 125 represent? List the process to use to complete third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 2 Identify the accounts affected. The accounts Income Summary and Scott Jones, Capital are affected. Home Glencoe Accounting (continued) Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2, 250 and a credit of $4, 125. (a) What does the debit of $2, 250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4, 125 represent? List the process to use to complete third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 3 Classify the accounts affected. Income Summary is a temporary owner’s equity account; Scott Jones, Capital is the permanent owner’s capital account. Home Glencoe Accounting (continued) Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2, 250 and a credit of $4, 125. (a) What does the debit of $2, 250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4, 125 represent? List the process to use to complete third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 4 Are the accounts increased or decreased? The Income Summary account is decreased by its balance, $1, 875, to zero. Scott Jones, Capital is increased by $1, 875. Home Glencoe Accounting (continued) Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question 1 As a result of the first two closing entries, the Income Summary account had a debit of $2, 250 and a credit of $4, 125. (a) What does the debit of $2, 250 represent? (b) What does the credit of $4, 125 represent? List the process to use to complete third closing entry to close the balance of the Income Summary account to Scott Jones, Capital. Step 5 Apply the debit/credit rule. To reduce the Income Summary account to zero, debit Income Summary $1, 875. To increase the capital account, credit Scott Jones, Capital for $1, 875. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question 2 Why are all of the temporary accounts reset to zero at the end of the fiscal year? All revenues increase owner’s equity, and all expenses reduce owner’s equity. These transactions are separated from capital so the business can analyze how a profit or loss was made during the year. At the end of the year, the accumulation of these revenues and expenses are transferred into the capital account. The temporary accounts are reset to zero, which allows the business to compare the revenue and expense data from one period to the next. Home Glencoe Accounting Copyright © by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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