HOLT World History CHAPTER 19 THE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT World History CHAPTER 19 THE HUMAN JOURNEY Monarchs of Europe Section 1: France in the Age of Absolutism Section 2: Russia in the Age of Absolutism Section 3: Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Section 4: The English Monarchy HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Objectives: l Explain how Henry VI and Cardinal Richelieu strengthened France. l Analyze Louis XIV’s strategy for strengthening the central government. l Identify Louis XIV’s reasons for waging war and the results. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Strengthening the Monarchy l Henry IV (r. 1589 -1610) l Huguenot (Protestant) l Issued the Edict of Nantes (1598) l. Gave freedom of worship and political rights in an attempt to end religious wars l Became a Catholic to unify France l Murdered in 1610 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Strengthening the Monarchy l Louis XIII (r. 1610 -1648) l 8 years old when he came to the throne l Cardinal Richelieu (1585 -1642) l worked to reduce strength of nobles and to reform the economy l Transformed France into a strong, centralized state l Goal was to get the king more power 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Cardinal Richelieu l Created Intendants to be royal officials l Took power away from local aristocrats and gave it to king l Led wars against rebellious Huguenots 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Strengthening the Monarchy l The Thirty Years’ War l 1618 -1648 l Protestant rebellion against the Catholic Holy Roman Empire l Fought mostly in Germany l France became involved in 1636 l ended with Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 l Added territory to the country as a result 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism The Sun King (Louis XIV) (1638 -1715) 7 l Ruled from 1648 -1715 l Versailles l Palace built by Louis XIV by 1682 l expense of palace strained the French economy l Domestic and economic policies l absolute power for king (L’etat, c’est moi) l increased French industry at home and trade abroad l reformed tax system l Became the leading naval power HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Louis XIV (The Sun King) 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Versailles 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Versailles 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Versailles 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism Jean-Baptiste Colbert l 1619 -1683 l Minister of Finance under Louis XIV l Goal was the strengthen the French economy l Caused the Huguenots to flee from France 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism The Wars of Louis XIV l Fighting for new territory l l l 4 wars from 1647 to 1713 Went outside the natural borders other nations created alliance against France to maintain a balance of power l War of the Spanish Succession (1701 -1713) l l l 13 Fought to see who would control the throne of Spain Inherited by Louis XIV grandson Became a world war HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY France in the Age of Absolutism The Wars of Louis XIV l Treaty of Utrecht (1713) l provided that French and Spanish monarchies could never be united l Gave some French land in North America to Britain l Louis XIV’s legacy l Made France powerful, but weakened the country financially 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Russia in the Age of Absolutism Objectives: l Identify ways Russia was isolated from western Europe. l Analyze how Peter the Great used his power to change Russia. l Examine how Catherine the Great expanded Russia’s territory. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Russia in the Age of Absolutism Isolation and a New Dynasty l Asian influence l Ruled by Mongols for 200 years l Religious differences l Orthodox religion l Geographically separated from Europe 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Russia in the Age of Absolutism Peter the Great (1672 -1725) l Peter’s foreign mission l his attempt to form alliances against Ottoman Turks failed, l learned many Western ways by traveling to The Netherlands and England l Westernized Russia l l l 17 improved training and weaponry of the army Western architecture (built St. Petersburg) modernized society HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Russia in the Age of Absolutism Peter the Great (1672 -1725) 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Russia in the Age of Absolutism Catherine the Great (1729 -1796) l Catherine’s policies l German wife of the Emperor Peter III l She seized power when Peter came to the throne (1762) l domestic policies were meaningless or harmful to most Russians l foreign policies won new territory and extended the Russian empire l Poland – Russia split Poland with Prussia and Austria l Expansion eastward – Siberia and Alaska 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Russia in the Age of Absolutism Catherine the Great (1729 -1796) 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Objectives: l Explain how the Habsburgs gained and held power. l Explain how the Hohenzollerns rose to power. l Identify the factors that contributed to conflicts between Prussia and Austria. 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Habsburg Austria l Maria Theresa (17171780) l Pragmatic Sanction allowed her to inherit all Habsburg lands l Strengthened Austria in a series of wars l Had 16 children l Made several reform in Austria 22 Age 63 Age 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism The Rise of the Hohenzollerns l Frederick William I (1688 -1740) l sought to make Prussia a great power l Became an elector of the HRE l Created an efficient system of government Frederick William I l Frederick the Great (1712 -1786) l highly intelligent l expanded territory and prestige 23 HOLT, RINEHART Frederick the Great AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Conflict Between Prussia and Austria l War of the Austrian Succession (1740 -48) l Prussia, France and Spain fought Austria and Britain to prevent Maria Theresa from becoming Empress l The Diplomatic Revolution – reversal of alliances resulted in France and Austria opposing Prussia and Great Britain l The Seven Years’ War (1756 -63) l began in North America as the French and Indian War l Austria, France, and Russia fought Britain and Prussia l The years of peace – European powers reluctant to fight again, so rebuilt and strengthened kingdoms at home 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The English Monarchy Objectives: l Describe the rule of Mary Tudor of England. l Describe the rule of Elizabeth I. l Explain the problems James I faced in ruling England. 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The English Monarchy The House of Tudor l Mary I (r. 1553 -58) l Catholic ruler of Protestant England l married Philip II of Spain (cousin) l Persecuted Protestant clergy l Failed because persecutions were too extreme Mary I l Known as “Bloody Mary” 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The English Monarchy The Reign of Elizabeth I (1558 -1603) l Elizabeth l Became Queen after her sister l Mary Queen of Scots – Mary plotted to kill Elizabeth; Elizabeth had Mary beheaded l The Spanish Armada (1588) l English ships defeated “Invincible Armada” l Religious problems l Puritans wanted to rid church of all Catholic practices; Tudors persecuted non-Anglicans 27 l Relations with Parliament – Parliament challenged royal power, but Elizabeth managed them skillfully HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The English Monarchy James I (r. 1603 -25) l Son of Mary Queen of Scots, ruled both England Scotland l Strong supporter of Anglican Church, which caused conflicts with Puritans l King James Version of Bible l Lacked economic, diplomatic skill l Did not fully understand English parliamentary system l Believed in divine right of kings 28 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism Elizabeth I 29 James I HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Thirty Years War l Punishments of Charles I 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON