HOLOTHUROIDEA LUKE EDGAR COLTON BURKE JUSTIN ROBAR TAXON

HOLOTHUROIDEA LUKE EDGAR, COLTON BURKE & JUSTIN ROBAR

TAXON • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Echinodermata • Class: Holothuroidea • Order: Apodida, Elasipodida, Aspidochirotida, Molpadiida, Dendrochirotida, Dactylochirotida

SEA CUCUMBER

CHARACTERISTICS • Soft bodied echinoderm, invertebrate • Decomposer • 20 cm on average, ranging 1 cm to 3. 6 m • 1716 different species • Tube feet

EVOLUTION • 400 million years ago (Lower Devonian Period) • Evolved from Ophiocistioids (Paleozoic Era) • Poor fossil records, ossicles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS • Respiratory trees • Evisceration to deter predators or seasonally • Calcite rings around pharynx • Oracle tentacles • Ossicles are primary bone structure

VIDEO • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=a. Cx. KFc 3 Xt. Js

LIFE CYCLE • Reproduce sexually through broadcast spawning • Asexual reproduction, regeneration, protandric • Zygote Larvae Adult (Metamorphosis) • Sexual Dimorphism • 5 -10 year lifespan

FUN FACTS • Pharmaceutical toxins • Gourmet food item in orient • Fish & octopii bait • Tubules used as bandages • Commensalism, pearl fish

WORKS CITED • • Mah, Christopher. The Echinoblog. n. p. , 7 Aug. 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. • • Kerr, Alexander. Holothuroidea. Version 1. Tree of Life, Dec. 2000. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. • Paulay, Gustav. Wo. RMS taxon details: Holothuroidea. World Register of Marine Species, 8 Dec. 2013. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. • Mulcrone, Renee. Animal Diversity Web: Holothuroidea. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 2005. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. • Waggoner, Ben, and Brian Speer. The Holothuroidea. University of California Museum of Paleontology, 1994. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. • “Sea cucumber. ” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 26 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. Hui, Ka. Wai. Sea Cucumber- Holothuria pardalis. The University of Wisconsin La Crosse, Apr. 2008. Web. 20 Mar. 2014. Bordbar, Sara et al. High-Value Components and Bioactives from Sea Cucumbers for Functional Foods—A Review. The National Center for Biotechnology Information, 10 Oct. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.

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