Holocaust and World War II Terms 1933 1945

Holocaust and World War II Terms 1933 -1945

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Allied Powers • Several countries who go together to fight against the Axis powers. These countries were United States, Britain, France, Soviet Union, Australia, Canada, and Greece during WWII.

Anti-Semitism • Discrimination or hostility towards Jews or Judaism.

Anti-Semitism

Aryan • Term perverted by the Nazis to mean a so-called master race. The idealized Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall, and muscular. The original term refers to a people speaking an Indo-European dialect.

Aryan

AXIS Powers • These were the countries who fought against the Allied Powers during WWII. They were Germany, Japan, and Italy.

Black Market • The illegal buying and selling of goods in violation of legal price controls, rationing, etc.

Crematorium • A furnace where a corpse can be burned and reduced to ashes.

Crematorium

D-Day • June 6, 1944, the day of the invasion of Western Europe by Allied forces in World War II.

http: //www. history. com/topics/world-war-ii/d-day/videos/d-day-allied-invasion-at-normandy

Dwight D. Eisenhower was the most famous U. S. Army general of World War II and the 34 th president of the United States.

The Supreme Command in London, February 1944. Maj. Gen. Omar N. Bradley is standing on the left. The Supreme Commander talks with men of Company E, 502 d Parachute Infantry Regiment, at the 101 st Airborne Division's camp at Greenham Common, England, 5 June 1944. http: //www. history. army. mil/brochures/ike. htm

Extermination Camps • Also known as death camps because prisoners were not expected to survive 24 hours beyond arrival. • These camps were specially established to systematically kill prisoners (genocide). • Over six million Jews were killed in extermination camps. • The most infamous extermination camps were Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Chelmno.

Auschwitz-Birkenau

Extermination Camps

Fascism • A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator using stringent socioeconomic controls.

Final Solution • The Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people.

Gas Chamber • A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced.

Gas Chambers

Genocide • Deliberate, systematic destruction of a racial, cultural, or political group.

Gestapo • The German internal security police as organized under the Nazi regime, known for its terroristic methods directed against those suspected.

Gestapo Heinrich Himmler, head of the Gestapo, Is standing next to Hitler.

Ghettos • The ghettos were transition areas, used as collection points for deportation to concentration and extermination camps. • Many people died in the ghettos because of disease, inadequate warmth, and lack of food.

Adolf Hitler • Appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. • He reorganized the German worker’s party into the National Socialist Party or Nazi Party. • He murdered Jews, gypsies, handicapped, and all others who opposed him. • He committed suicide in a bunker on Apr. 30, 1945. • Mein Kampf- “My Struggle”

Benito Mussolini • Fascist (glorifies the state and nation and assigns to the state control over national life) government by leader who ruled Italy from 19221945. • He joined Germany as one of the Axis Powers during WWII. • At the end of WWII, he was captured, tried, court marshaled, and shot. Later his body was brought to Milan, hanged in a public square, and later buried in an unmarked grave.

Nuremberg Laws • The first law deprived of German citizenship anyone of Jewish faith or any citizen with two Jewish grandparents. • The second made marriage illegal between Germans and Jews. • The established the swastika flag as the official flag of Germany and the national colors as black, white, and red. • Additional laws banned non-Jewish domestic staff in Jewish households, introduced ‘J’ stamps in Jewish passports, and forced Jews to take surnames identifiable as Jewish.

Propaganda • Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

German propaganda poster shows a smiling family with father, mother, and three children embraced by the benevolent and protective wings of the National Socialist eagle.

German children read an anti-Jewish propaganda book titled DER GIFTPILZ ( "The Poisonous Mushroom"). The girl on the left holds a companion volume, the translated title of which is "Trust No Fox. " Germany, ca. 1938. -- Stadtarchiv Nürnberg

Ration Coupon • A coupon book which allowed the holder to purchase a certain amount of goods. • Some rationed goods were food (especially sugar), gas, and clothing.

Star of David • A six pointed star consisting of two crossed equilateral triangles, which has come to represent Jewry.

Swastika • A figure used as a symbol or an ornament in the Old World and in America since prehistoric times, consisting of a cross with arms of equal length, each arm having a continuation at right angles. • This figure as the official emblem of the Nazi party and the Third Reich.

Synagogue • A building or place of meeting for worship and religious instruction in the Jewish faith.

Third Reich • Germany state during the Nazi dictatorship under Hitler from 1933 -1945.

Scapegoat • A person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place.

Treaty of Versailles • The treaty was signed by Germany and the Allied Powers in 1919 and ended World War I. • Germany was very dissatisfied with the treaty because they had to pay reparations to the destroyed countries, they lost territories, was forced to reduce the German military to 100, 000.

Zionism • A Jewish movement that arose in the late 19 th century in response to growing anti. Semitism and sought to reestablish a Jewish homeland in Palestine and develop Israel.

Nazi • A member of the National Socialist German Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of the country, suppressing all opposition and establishing a dictatorship over all cultural, economic, and political activities of the people, and promulgated belief in the supremacy of Hitler as Führer, aggressive anti-Semitism, the natural supremacy of the German people, and the establishment of Germany by superior force as a dominant world power. The party was officially abolished in 1945 at the conclusion of World War II.

Concentration Camp • A detention site created for military or political purposes. • Many of these camps were used to exploit prisoners for slave labor or experimentation. • A large portion of prisoners died of mistreatment, malnutrition, and disease.

Concentration Camp

HOLOCAUST • The systematic mass slaughter (especially by fire) of European Jews in Nazi concentration and extermination camps during World War II.