Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions • • • Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Long-term vs. short-term

Selected Countries on the Uncertainty Avoidance & Masculinity Scales • Uncertainty Avoidance Index Status Quo Risk-taking Fem SWE Masculinity Index YUG Masc FRAN SPN SING GRE SO So AMER JAPAN GER HK USA GB

Selected Countries on the Uncertainty Avoidance & Power Distance Scales • Uncertainty Avoidance Index High - Status Quo Risk-taking -Low Power Distance Index Low High SWE GER GB USA JAPAN SPN GRE YUG FRAN SO AMER IND PHIL HK SING

Congressional Legislation • Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts • Equal Pay Act (1963) – men & women paid equally for equal work • Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964) – covers race, color, religion, sex and national origin – 15 or more employees • Age Discrimination Act (1967) – over 40 years of age – 15 or more employees • Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973) – affirmative action for people with disabilities IRWIN ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc. , company, 1997

Congressional Legislation (cont. ) • Vietnam Era Veteran’s Readjustment Act (1974) – affirmative action for Vietnam vets • Civil Rights Act (1991) – adds compensatory and punitive damages • Americans with Disabilites Act (1990) – prohibits discrimination based on disability – “reasonable accomodation” – determine “essential” job functions • Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) – 12 weeks of unpaid leave – firms with more than 50 employees IRWIN ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc. , company, 1997

Executive Orders • Number 11246 – affirmative action targets for women & minorities • Number 11478 – government employment policies based on merit & fitness IRWIN ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc. , company, 1997

Affirmative Action Plans have three basic components: • Utilization analysis • Goals and timetables • Action steps IRWIN ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc. , company, 1997

Types of Discrimination Disparate Treatment - Show intent? - Yes - member of - Prima facie protected group case Disparate Impact - No - statistical disparity - Employer’s defense - show BFOQ - show job relatedness - Plaintiff’s rebuttal - Damages - reason a pretext - other ways exist - equitable relief - Key litigation - compensatory/ punitive - Mc. Donnell Douglas v. Green Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse IRWIN ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc. , company, 1997 - Griggs v. Duke Power Wards Cove v. Atonio Pattern or Practice - Yes - statistical disparity & individual cases - workforce need not mirror population - compensatory/ punitive - Hazelwood School District v. U. S.

Current Diversity Issues • Sexual Harassment – Bundy v. Jackson “quid pro quo” – Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson hostile working environment • Affirmative action & reverse discriminatrion • Americans with Disabitilies Act • Religious Discrimination IRWIN ©a Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc. , company, 1997