hnjfo kljtg gkfn gkfnsf afif Ls cf t

hnjfo' kl/jt{g / g]kfn § g]kfnsf] afif. L{s cf}; t tfkqmd a[l 4 )=)^ l 8 u|L ; ]= -)=$! l 8 u|L § § § ; ]= k|lt bzs_ prf. O{ a 9b} hfbf. F tfkqmdsf] a[l 4 b/ a 9 b} hfg] lxdfnodf al 9 k|efa xl/t u[x Uof. F; df g]kfnsf] of]ubfg )=)@% k|ltzt 0

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? § § § § lxdfn k. Ung] lxdgb. L ; 'Sg], lxdtfn km'6]/ cfpg] af 9 L ; d'Gb|L ; txdf a[l 4 h}ljs ljljwtfdf kg]{ bjfa jf; : yfgsf] ; +s'rg df}; d. L clgl. Zrtf S[mlif If]qdf kg]{ k|efj / vf. Bf. Gg ; +s 6, : jf: Yo If]qdf cfpg] ; +s 6

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M lxdtfn § § lxp tfnsf] ; +Vof / cfsf/df a[l 4 lxp glb @) ld 6/ k|lt aif{ 5 f]l 6 b} u. Psf] Tsho Rolpa Glacier lake, Largest glacier lake in Nepal of 1. 76 sq. km (Source: DHM)

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M lxdtfn ; g !(%^ sf] ODhf lxdtfn ; g @))^ sf] ODhf lxdtfn

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M /f]usf] k|sf]k dn]/Lof >>> sfnf. Hj/ >>> OG; ]kmnf. O 6 L; >>> Source: MOEST, 20044

§ § § hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M jg, j. Goh. Gt' agdf 98]nf] %=% u'gfn] a[l 4 x'g] km"Ng], km. Ng] / kf. Sg] ; dodf x]/km]/ ldrfxf k|hft. Lsf] k|sf]k j. Goh. Gt'sf] af; : yfg v'Drg] /}yfg] k|hft. Lnf. O{ al 9 c; / kg]{ K|fhgg / a. Rrf kfpg] ; dodf km/s 5

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M ag: kt. L p. Q/tkm{ ; g]{ 6

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M h}ljs ljljwtf Dffp. G 6]g lksf Moth dy klxnf kfpg]: @*)) d. L 6/ klxnf kfpg]: !(&) d. L 6/ clxn] kfpg] : @()) d. L 6/ clxn] kfpg]: @#@* d. L 6/

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; /x? M k|hft. L nf]k Reid & Miller (1989) !=% b]lv @=% l 8 u|L ; ]= tfkqmddf a[l 4 x. Fbf @) b]lv #) k|ltzt k|hft. L nf]k x'g; Sg] cg'dfg 8

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c; / Go"lgs/0 f ug]{ pkfo M jg ; fn j; fn. L ? kdf jgjf 6 sf 7 bfp/f tyf c. Go jgh. Go pkhx? sf] p. Tkfbg / ; +sng ub}{ jgsf] sfj{g : 6 s j 9 fpg] ; d]t clek|fon] ul/g] b. Luf] jg Joj: yfkgsf sfo{x? n] dfq b. L 3{sfndf nfdf] cjlw ; Dd /lx /xg] ul/ Go"lgs/0 fsf k|ltkmnx? Kf|f. Kt x'g] 5 g. 9 9

hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng Go"lgs/0 f ug]{ pkfo M jg Consequences: Loss in productivity Migration Natural disasters Loss of biodiversity Agri: Time change Mixed cropping Alteration in farming Favourable varieties SRI Agro forestry Direct sowing , Relay cropping ( wheat immediate after rice ) Forestry: Plantation in bare land AE promotion Matured tree harvest Precautions: early warning, radio news, Terracing 10 10

Thanks

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c. Gt/f{l 6|o Joj: yf ; +o'Qm /fi 6| ; +3 ; + /f= jftfj/0 f. Lo sfo{qmd lj. Zj d]6|f]nf]lgsn ; +u 7 g cf. Olk; L; L ; Dd]ng cg'; Gwfg ; Demf}tf lh. Okm nufg. L Scientific, technical & socio-economic assessment • WMO/UNEP IPCC af 6 !(** df sf] u 7 g • COP: hnjfo' • kl/jt{g ; Djl. Gw c. Gt/f{l 6|o dxf; l. Gw MOP: Sof]6 f] cle; l. Gw -!((&_ COP is supreme body of UNFCCC is not a subsidiary of UN Financial mechanism for environmental conventions (established by developed countries) • GEF: Global Environment Facility (1991. . . ) 12

hnafo" kl/at{g ; Dal. Gw c. Gt/; /sf/L lgsfo IPCC § /fi 6 « ; +3 Lo dxf; ef -!(**_ af 6 xfn / elaiodf dfga lxtsf] nfu. L la. Zjsf] hnjfo" ; +/If 0 f ug]{ s'/f kfl/t § § WMO/UNEP IPCC sf] af 6 !(** df hnafo" kl/at{g ; Dal. Gw c. Gt/; /sf/L lgsfo u 7 g +@%)) laz]if 1, *)) a}1 fg. Ls, !#) b]z 13

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ; Djl. Gw c. Gt/f{l 6|o dxf; l. Gwsf] jf 6 f] Sof]6 f] cle; l. Gwsf] k|yd k|lta 4 tf ; do ; df. Kt lbw{sfn. Lg sfo{of]hgf / ; xof]u ug]{ ; emf}tf Sof]6 f] cle; l. Gwsf] k|yd k|lta 4 tf ; do z'? @)!@ @))( @))* Dff/fs]z a}7 s Sof]6 f] cle; l. Gwsf] z'? jft !((& @))! @))% @))& Sof]6 f] cle; l. Gw !((@ cf. Olk; L; Lsf] k|lta]bg, afn. L sfo{of]hgf ; Dd]ng z'? e. Psf] Kf|yd hnjfo" kl/at{g ; Dd]ng !(&(

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ; Djl. Gw c. Gt/f{l 6|o dxf; l. Gw ; g !((@ df !%$ b]zx? n] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ; Djl. Gw c. Gt/f{l 6|o dxf; l. Gw UNFCCC df x: tf. If/ u/]sf 5 g. xfn ; b: o /fi 6|x? M !(@ 15

hnjfo' kl/at{g ; Dal. Gw dxf; l. Gw § § § g]kfnn] !@ h'g !((@ df x: tf. If/ cg'df]bg d. O{ @, !(($ h'nf. O{ #! !(($ b]lv nfu' e. Psf] kmf]sn ; +: yf M jftfj/0 f d. Gqfno g]kfnsf] bf]>f] ; +rf/ k|lta]bg tof/L z'? NAPA lgdf{0 fflwg NAPA: National Adaptation Plan of Actions 16

Sof]6 f] cle; l. Gw § UNFCCC c. Gt{ut !((& df hfkfgdf COP 3 df § af. Wof. Tds (Legally Binding Instrument) § § #& b]zx? / o'/f]lkog ; d'bfo n] ; g @))* b]lv @)!@ ; Dddf !(() sf] p. T; h{g df %=@k|ltztn] 36 fpg' kg]{ !&* b]z -#& laslzt_ åf/f cg'df]bg § : j. R 5 ljsf; ; +o. Gq -Clean Developmemt Mechanism-CDM) § sfa{g a]rlavg -Carbon trade) 17

: j. R 5 ljsf; ; +o. Gq. M g]kfndf § g]kfndf !, %), )))+ e. Gbf jl 9 afof]Uof. F; Knf. G 6 § ! afof]Uof. F; Knf. G 6 af 6 afif. L{s @ b]lv % 6 g sfa{g 8 f. Oc. S; f. O 8 p. T; h{g sd x'g] § ! 6 g sfa{g 8 f. Oc. S; f. O 8 a/fa/ & cd]/Ls. L 8 n/ § s/La ^ nfv cd]/Ls. L 8 n/ la. Zj a}+saf 6 k|f. Kt e. O/x]sf]. 18

CDM Jofkf/sf] nfe s; n] kf. Psf] 5 ? Source: World Bank

sf]k]gx]ug ; Dd]ng § § § COP 15 l 8; ]Dj/ & b]lv sf]k]gx]ugdf p. T; h{gsf] Gfo+f t/ af. Wof. Tds ; xdltsf] dfu REDD sf] k|s[of / ; xdlt r. Lg, ef/t j|flhn h: tf b]zx? nf. O{ ; Djf]wg ug]{ ; xdt. L cfa. Zos cd]l/sf dfly yk bjfj 23

Gf]kfnsf] dfu M ; u/dfyf 3 f]if 0 ff kq

Jfg / To; df /x]sf] sfj{g § lj. Zje/sf jgdf /x]sf] sfj{g e 08 f/ jfo'd 08 ndf e. Psf] sfj{g e 08 f/ e. Gbf 7"nf] 5 § jg kl/of]hgfn] xl/t u[x Uof; p. T; h{gnf. O{ jfo'd 08 ndf hfgaf 6 sd u 5{, ; f] ug]{ b'O{ k|s[of 5 gM sfj{g ; Zn]if 0 f tyf sfj{g e 08 f/0 f § jg If]qsf] ljgf; xl/t u[x Uof; sf] bf]; |f] 7"nf] >f]t dflg. G 5, dfgj. Lo s[ofsnfkaf 6 x'g] p. T; h{gsf] Ps rf}yf. O{ jg If]qsf] ljgf; af 6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 § FAO (2006) sf] cg'; f/ ! s/f]8 #) nfv x]= k|lt jif{sf b/n] jg If]qsf] ljgf; e. O/x]5

Selection of Carbon Pools to Measure Materials And Methods -dfkgsf nflu sfj{g k'nx? sf] 5 gf]6_ Field Equipments 1. Selection of Carbon pools Aboveground Biomass (Tree and Shrub) hldg dflysf] jfof]df; M ? v / ´f 8 L 2. Belowground Biomass hldg d'g. Lsf] jfof]df; 3. Litter Biomass kts/ 4. Soil Organic Carbon df 6 f]df e. Psf] sfj{g Sample Plots Size and Shape Field Data Collection

Materials And Methods Field Equipments Selection of Carbon pools Sample Plots Size and Shape Field Data Collection Project Area and Sample Plots -kl/of]hgf If]q / gd'gf Kn 6 x? _

Field Work -lkm. N 8 s[ofsnfk_ Materials And Methods Field Equipments Selection of Carbon pools Sample Plots Size and Shape Field Data Collection

Analysis Technique Land Cover Analysis Carbon Stock Calculation Baseline Projection Example of Land cover change between 1999 -2006 at Samsergunj area, Banke With-Projection

Jfg If]qsf cfwf/df x'g] ljle. Gg b]zsf] p. T; h{g !!cf} : yfg

REDD s] xf] § e. O/x]sf Jfgsf] ljgf; tyf x}l; otdf x|f; jf 6 x'g] p. T; h{gnf. O{ sd ug]{ k|fjwfgnf. O{ REDD (Reducing Emission from Degradation and Deforestation) elg. G 5, § sfa{g p. T; {hg d. Wo] ag If]qn] !&=$ k|ltzt, ; f] ; Df: ofsf] ; dfwfg jg jf 6} ug]{ pkfo, § ljsf; lzn b]zx/df ag gfl; g] qmd j 9 bf] -! s/f]8 #) nfv x]= k|lt aif{_ § ag gfl; g] qmd /f]Sg cfly{s ; +o. Gqsf] tofl/ ug{

g]kfndf /]8 sfof{Gjog ; af]{Rr ; +: yf -df= dl. Gq. Ho"sf] c. Wo. Iftfdf ( d. Gqfnosf] ; xefu. Ltf_ sfo{ ; d'x -; lra. Ho"sf] c. Wo. Iftfdf ( ; b: ox? e. Psf]_ /]8 Osf. O{ -ag tyf e" ; +/If 0 f d. Gqfnodf_

g]kfndf /]8 sfof{Gjog §km/]i 6 sfa{g kf 6{g/lzk km 08 #& b]zd. Wo] g]kfnn] xfn @ nfv cd]l/s. L 8 n/ ; xof]u ; +o'Qm /fi 6| ; +3 Lo REDD sfo{qmd c. Go (TAL…. )

/]8 k|s[of lgs} hl 6 n Ø Ø Ø jgdf x|f; Nofpgdf jg If]q e. Gbf aflx/sf t. Tjx? sf] e"ldsf ; a{ If]lqo, ; a{ kl. Ifo ; +o. Gq cfj. Zods jgdf x|f; Nofpgdf u/Llj / c; dfgtf sfa{gsf] dfq Aofkf/af 6 gx'g] h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/ ; +/If 0 f e"ldsf] : jfld. Tj / zf; g Aoa: yf

g]kfndf jg sfj{gsf] l: ylt k|sf/ /fli 6 «o jg lgh. L jg pk–k|sf/ Area in million ha Above Ground Biomass in million ton Below ground Biomass in million ton Dead wood Biomass in million ton Total Biomass in million ton Carbon in Million tons ; /sf/n] Joj: yfkg ug]{ jg * 3. 9λ 767. 832 268. 741 155. 486 1192. 059 596. 0296 ; fd'bflos jg** 1. 2 236. 256 82. 689 47. 841 366. 7874 183. 3937 sj'n. Lot. L jg*** 0. 014 2. 75632 0. 9647 0. 558 4. 279187 2. 139593 wfld{s jg+ 0. 000543 0. 106906 0. 0374 0. 0216 0. 165971 0. 082986 ; +/l. Ift jg@ 0. 71 139. 7848 48. 924 28. 306 217. 0159 108. 508 0. 0023 0. 0115 0. 00402 0. 002329 0. 017854 0. 008927 5. 826 1, 146. 748 401. 361 232. 216 1, 780. 326 890. 162 lgh. L jg# h. Ddf 890. 16 X 1. 5%= 13. 35 million Tone @ 5 USD/Tone 66. 67 Million USD Sources: **Do. F, 2007; ***LFLP, 2007; @HMG/MFSC, 2002; #Do. F, 2005

l 4 lawfx? § Degradation s] s; /L Monitoring ug]{ ? § Local users / Indigenous community kmf. Obf k|f. Kt ug]{ < n] s] slt § Leakage / Additionality / Permanency/Cobenefits sf] s; /L guarantee ug]{ < § Base line slxn] nf. O{ df. Gg]

s]lx gul/ gx'g] sfo{x? § § § ; +/If. Lt If]qx? Finance sf] bfo/f leq Nofpg' kg]{. sfj{g Jofkf/af 6 k|f. Kt cf. Dbfg. L /fli 6 «o ; /sf/ / ; d'bfo ljr Goflos af. F 8 kmf. F 8 ug]{ k|s[of jg Joj: yfkgnf. O{ k|f]T; fxg ug'{ kg]{ Forest Degradation dfkg ug]{ k|lalw x: tf. Gt/0 f Ifdtf ljsf; s} nflu Finance sf] Joj: yflgo ; d'bfonf. O{ tflnd lb. O{ pg. Lx? af 6 e. Psf] MRV nf. O{ df. Gotf lb. Og' kg]{, MRV: Monitoring, Reviewing and Verification

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