HNDBM 9 Inspirational Approaches to Leadership Lim Sei

HNDBM – 9. Inspirational Approaches to Leadership Lim Sei Kee @ c. K

�They inspire followers through their words, ideas and behaviors : Ø Charismatic Leadership Ø Transactional Leadership Ø Transformational Leadership

Charismatic leadership �Followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors v Have vision v Willing to take risks to achieve that vision v Sensitive to both environmental constraints and follower needs v Exhibit behaviors that are out of the ordinary

Characteristics of charismatic leader 1. Vision – expressed as an idealized goal – 2. 3. 4. 5. that proposes a better future Risk – willing to take on high personal risk, incur high costs and engage in self-sacrifice to achieve the vision Environmental sensitivity – able to make realistics assessments of the environmental constraints and resources needed to bring about change Sensitivity to follower needs – perceptive of others’ abilities and responsive to their needs and feelings Unconventional behavior – engages in behavior that are perceived as novel and counter to norms.

How charismatic leader influence followers �Leader articulating an appealing vision �Communicates high performance expectations and expresses confidence that followers can attain them �Set an example for followers to imitate �Makes self-sacrifice

Transformational leader �Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effects on followers

Characteristics of transformational leader �Charisma – provides vision and sense of mission, instill pride, gains respect and trust �Inspiration – communicates high expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, expresses important purposes in simple ways �Intellectual Stimulation – promotes intelligence, rationality and careful problem solving �Individualized Consideration – gives personal attention, treats each employee individually, coaches and advises

Transactional leader �Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.

Characteristics of transactional leader �Contingent Reward – contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance, recognizes accomplishments �Management by Exception (active) – watches and searches for deviations from rules and standards, take corrective action �Management by Exception (passive) – intervenes only if standards are not met �Laissez – Faire – abdicates responsibilities, avoids making decisions