HM Chapter A Brief History of Managements Roots
HM Chapter A Brief History of Management’s Roots © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-1
Early Management • Management has been practiced for thousands of years. • Organized projects were directed by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-2
Classical Approaches: Scientific Management Frederick W. Taylor described scientific management as a method of scientifically finding the “one best way to do a job. ” © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-3
Classical Approaches: General Administrative Theory • Focused on what constituted good management. • Henri Fayol identified five management functions and 14 management principles. • Max Weber described the bureaucracy as an ideal rational form of organization. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-4
Fayol’s Fourteen Principles of Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Division of work Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to the general interest 7. Remuneration 8. Centralization 9. Scalar chain 10. Order 11. Equity 12. Stability of tenure personnel 13. Initiative 14. Esprit de corps © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-5
Behavioral Approach Early management writers included: • Robert Owen, who was concerned about deplorable working conditions. • Hugo Munsterberg, a pioneer in the field of industrial psychology. • Mary Parker Follett, who recognized that organizations could be viewed from both individual and group behavior perspectives. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-6
The Hawthorne Studies conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company: • Provided new insights into individual and group behavior at work. • Concluded that group pressures can significantly impact individual productivity. © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-7
Behavioral Approaches 1930 s Today Human Relations Movement Organizational Behavior (OB) © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-8
The Quantitative Approach • Used quantitative techniques to improve decision making. • Evolved from mathematical and statistical solutions developed for military problems during World War II. • W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Duran’s ideas became the basis for total quality management (TQM). © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-9
Contemporary Approaches: Systems Approach © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-10
Contemporary Approaches: Contingency Approach © Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-11
© Pearson Education Limited 2015 HM-12
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