HLT 37215 Certificate III in Pathology Collection V

HLT 37215 Certificate III in Pathology Collection V 4. 0 1

Unit of Competency HLTPAT 002 Perform venous blood collections: • Prepare for venous blood collection procedure • Draw blood • Follow post-blood collection procedures 2

Unit of Competency HLTPAT 001 - Identify and respond to clinical risks in pathology collection: • Recognise and assess potential risk • Identify situations requiring emergency or first aid response • Respond to client reactions and complications 3

Session Outcomes • Legal and ethical requirements • Anatomy of the arm • Client risk and care • Venepuncture equipment • Introduction to bleeds 4

Duty of Care 5

Confidentiality 6

Work Role Boundaries • Perform tasks for which you are trained • If unsure refer to procedures and manual or ask your supervisor 7

Work Health and Safety Follow infection control guidelines Keep area clean and clutter free Wear appropriate PPE Use workplace manuals Clean up spills 8

Mandatory Reporting Mandatory reporting of: • Suspected child abuse and neglect • Notifiable diseases 9

Informed Consent 10

Greet the patient 11

Identify and Confirm Client Details • Check client details against request form • Check Medicare number, client’s name • Check name and DOB against request form • Ask client for their suburb and any changes to their contact details • Ask the client to sign the Medicare declaration on the request form 12

Example Request Form 13

Common Blood Tests Common blood tests FE Iron studies CK Creatinine Kinase CRP C-Reactive Protein ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate FBP Full Blood Picture INR International Normalised Ratio LFT Liver Function Test Coagulation studies TFT Thyroid Function Test UECR Urea, Electrolytes and Creatinine 14

Therapeutic Drug Testing • Collect the correct type of specimen • Collect at the correct times • Record all information accurately Common drugs tested = Digoxin, Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin, Valproate 15

Glucose Challenge Test This test is done during pregnancy to screen for gestational diabetes that develops during pregnancy. 16

Glucose Tolerance Test A glucose tolerance test measures how well a body is able to absorb glucose or sugar. Doctors use a glucose tolerance test to diagnose the various types of diabetes 17

Warfarin Test Blood-thinning medicines such as warfarin are used to prevent blood clots. How well warfarin is working is measured by how it increases the blood clotting time. 18

Ionised Calcium Test Plasma total calcium; Plasma corrected calcium; Plasma ionised calcium; Ca++ 19

Iron Studies • Also known as Iron indices; iron tests • To evaluate a body's current store of iron 20

Iron Studies Continued Evaluation of iron status can include several tests that are not always run together. These include: • Serum iron • Ferritin • Transferrin / total iron binding capacity (TIBC) 21

Creatinine Kinase • Also known as CK, Total CK • To determine if muscles in your body have been damaged. • Previously used to determine if you are having a heart attack. 22

DNA – PAPPA Test To find out early in a pregnancy if a baby is at increased risk of a serious health condition by having a screening test in the first trimester (the first 3 months of pregnancy). 23

Liver Function Test • Also known as LFT • Liver functions tests are used to screen for, detect, evaluate and monitor acute and chronic liver inflammation (hepatitis), infection, liver disease and/or damage. 24

Renal Function Test Kidney function tests are also known as renal function or urea and electrolytes (U&E, EUC or UEC) tests. 25

Full Blood Count A full blood count (FBC) is a very common clinical procedure and often the ‘starting point’ for most medical investigations. 26

Thyroid Function Test It is important that thyroid hormone levels are in balance - not too high or too low - and there is a feedback mechanism to ensure levels remain stable. The thyroid gland works together with the pituitary gland to do this. 27

Cardiovascular System 28

Blood Vessels 29

Arteries, Veins & Capillaries Arteries Capillaries Veins Direction Move blood away from heart to organs and tissues via capillaries Transport blood from arteries to veins Collect blood from capillaries and carry blood back to heart Purpose Carry oxygen-rich blood Exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients and waste products between blood and tissue cells Carry oxygen-poor blood, carbon dioxide and waste products back to heart Pressure Blood flows under high pressure as blood is being pumped from the heart Blood flows under very low blood pressure Blood flows under low pressure Wall size Thick, muscular walls (to withstand the blood pressure) Microscopic walls (one cell thickness) Thin walls 30

Sites for Blood Draw • Ante cubital fossa (ACF) *pit in front of the elbow • Back of hands 31

Selecting a Vein in the ACF 1. Median Cubital 2. Cephalic 3. Basilic 32

Tourniquet Activity • Don’t attempt to find a vein without a tourniquet! • Place 3 -5 cm above the ACF • Don’t leave the tourniquet on for too long • Don’t have the tourniquet on too tight • Be aware of tourniquet placement in relation to your dominant hand 33

Venepuncture Equipment • • Needles Winged infusion set Syringes Tourniquet 34

Needles 35

Other Equipment • • • Alcohol wipes Cotton wool balls Kidney dishes Tape/ Band aids Sharps container Centrifuge 36

Equipment Activity 37

Break 38

Position the Client 39

Clinical Risk Management Clinical risk management specifically is concerned with improving the quality and safety of health-care services by identifying the circumstances and opportunities that put patients at risk of harm and then acting to prevent or control those risks. (World Health Organisation) 40

Predetermining Clinical Risks 41

Clues on the Request Form 42

Nerve Damage 43

Activity: Role Play Nerve Damage 44

Accidental Arterial Puncture 45

Excessive or Prolonged Bleeding 46

Activity: Role Play Arterial Puncture 47

Fainting / Syncope Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure. Presyncope = is a state of light-headedness, muscular weakness, blurred vision, and feeling faint. 48

Activity: Role Play Fainting 49

Seizures 50

Activity: Role Play Seizure 51

Diabetic Emergency 52

Activity: Role Play Diabetic Emergency 53

Falls/Grazes 54

Activity: Role Play Falls and grazes 55

Scarring & Burns 56

Activity: Role Play Scars and burns 57

Nausea & Vomiting 58

Activity: Role Play Nausea 59

Lunch 60

Group Discussion 61

Incident Report Form 62

Venepuncture Demonstration 63

Activity - Training Aids 64

Afternoon break 65

Worksheet Activity 66

Assessments • How the assessments for HLTPAT 002 will be conducted • Recording details of all bleeds 67

Recap 68

Any Questions? 69

Document Revision Version Number Details of the Revision Date Created/Approved v 1. 0 New Issue for new program 2020 23/02/2020 JS / JS V 2. 0 Updated with new information 28/02/2020 JS V 3. 0 Sessions changed sequence for new schedule 07/04/2020 3. 0 JS V 4. 0 For version 2. 0 HLT program. Numbering inline with Session Plan 14/10/2020 KR / JS 70