HIVAIDS and Women An Overview Global HIVAIDS and

HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview Global HIV/AIDS and Women: Current Challenges and Opportunities Briefing, Rayburn House Office Building Jen Kates, Ph. D Vice President; Director, Global Health & HIV Policy Kaiser Family Foundation jkates@kff. org http: //globalhealth. kff. org September 9, 2014

Figure 1 Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic

Figure 2 Snapshot of the Global Epidemic 35. 0 Million 52% 37% 2. 1 Million People Living New Infections with HIV/AIDS *Of people living with HIV. SOURCES: UNAIDS, Gap Report; 2014. 1. 5 Million Deaths Percent on ARVs* Percent w/ HIV Who Don't Know They're Infected

Global Impact of HIV on Women Figure 3 • Half of all people (ages 15+) living with HIV are women (more than 16 million); 80% of them live in sub-Saharan Africa 100% • Every day, more than 2, 400 women are newly infected with HIV • Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely as young 82% men to be living with HIV and account for 1 in 4 new HIV Leading infections in the region role • 57% of women in sub-Saharan Africa are not yet on ART • Most women are infected through heterosexual transmission Major role, but not leading

Women as Share of People Living with HIV Globally and by Region, 2013 Global 50% 59% Sub-Saharan Africa Caribbean 50% Middle East and North Africa 39% Asia and the Pacific 37% Eastern Europe and Central Asia 36% Latin America Western and Central Europe and North America 30% 22% NOTE: Among adults, ages 15 and older. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, based on UNAIDS, Gap Report; 2014. Figure 4

Figure 5 Domestic HIV/AIDS Epidemic

Figure 6 Snapshot of the U. S. HIV/AIDS Epidemic 1. 1 Million U. S. Accounts for 4% of All People Living with HIV, Globally 33% 16% 47, 500 19, 300 People Living Annual New HIV Annual Deaths with HIV/AIDS Infections Among People with HIV Percent with HIV Who Are Prescribed Antiretroviral Therapy* Percent with HIV Who Don't Know They Are Infected *Of those who are aware of their infection. NOTE: Data are estimates. SOURCES: CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; Vol. 18, No. 5; October 2013. CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; Vol. 17, No. 4; December 2012. CDC, HIV Surveillance Report, Vol. 23; February 2013; CDC, Fact Sheet – HIV in the United States: The Stages of Care; July 2012.

Impact of HIV on Women in the U. S. Figure 7 • Women represent 1 in 4 people living with HIV in the U. S. • One in five new HIV infections in the U. S. is among women; 22% 100% of these are young women, ages 13 -24 • Black women account 82% for almost two-thirds of new HIV infections among women Leading • 64% of women with HIV in the U. S. are rolenot yet on ART • Most women are infected through heterosexual transmission Major role, but not leading

Women as Share of People Living with HIV in the U. S. Overall & by State, 2010 Unite States 25% Maryland 36% New Jersey 34% Connecticut 34% Mississippi 33% Puerto Rico 32% Delaware 32% Louisiana 31% South Carolina 31% Florida 30% New York 30% SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of data from CDC. Figure 8

Figure 9 Rates of New HIV Infections per 100, 000, by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, United States, 2010 103. 6 45. 5 38. 1 15. 8 Black Men Latino Men Black Women White Men 8. 0 Latinas 1. 9 White Women NOTE: Data are estimates for adults/adolescents aged 13 and older and do not include U. S. dependent areas. Estimates shown only for whites, Blacks, and Latinos. SOURCE: CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report, Vol. 17, No. 4; December 2012.

Figure 10 What Puts Women at Risk for HIV?

Women and HIV: Key Challenges & Vulnerabilities Figure 11 • Lack of awareness of HIV status and/or partner’s HIV status • Biological risk, especially for young women • Barriers 100% in accessing HIV prevention, treatment and care services, as well as other reproductive/sexual health services 82% • Lack of services and resources for adolescent girls • Gender-based violence Leading role • Criminalization of sex work • Lack of say in health decisions • Age-disparate relationships (older partners more likely to be HIV positive) role, but • Access to education, employment Major opportunities, financial not leading resources • Support as caregivers of others with HIV

Figure 12 Looking Ahead: Opportunities and Optimism

HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview Thank you! Jen Kates Kaiser Family Foundation http: //kff. org/global-health-policy/ September 9, 2014