History of Vaccines Variolation inoculation of smallpox into

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History of Vaccines § Variolation: inoculation of smallpox into skin (eighteenth century) § Vaccination:

History of Vaccines § Variolation: inoculation of smallpox into skin (eighteenth century) § Vaccination: § Inoculation of cowpox virus into skin (Jenner) § Inoculation with rabies virus (Pasteur)

Chapter 18, unnumbered figure B, page 510, Reported numbers of measles cases in the

Chapter 18, unnumbered figure B, page 510, Reported numbers of measles cases in the United States, 1960– 2010. (CDC, 2010) 140 Reported number of cases 120 Vaccine licensed 500, 000 450, 000 Reported number of cases 400, 000 100 80 60 40 20 350, 000 0 2000 300, 000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Year 250, 000 200, 000 150, 000 100, 000 50, 000 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 Year 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Vaccines Used to Prevent Bacterial Diseases Disease Diphtheria Vaccine Purified diphtheria toxoid Meningococcal meningitis

Vaccines Used to Prevent Bacterial Diseases Disease Diphtheria Vaccine Purified diphtheria toxoid Meningococcal meningitis Pertussis (whooping cough) Pneumococcal pneumonia Purified polysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis Inactivated toxin plus acellular fragments of Bordetella pertussis Purified polysaccharide from seven strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae Purified tetanus toxoid Tetanus Haemophilus influenzae Polysaccharide from Haemophilus type b meningitis influenzae type b conjugated with protein to enhance effectiveness

Vaccines Used to Prevent Viral Diseases Disease Influenza Measles Vaccine Injected vaccine, inactivated virus

Vaccines Used to Prevent Viral Diseases Disease Influenza Measles Vaccine Injected vaccine, inactivated virus (nasally administered: attenuated virus) Attenuated virus Mumps Attenuated virus Rubella Attenuated virus Chickenpox Attenuated virus Poliomyelitis Killed virus

Vaccines Used to Prevent Viral Diseases Disease Vaccine Rabies Killed virus Hepatitis B Antigenic

Vaccines Used to Prevent Viral Diseases Disease Vaccine Rabies Killed virus Hepatitis B Antigenic fragments of virus Hepatitis A Inactivated virus Smallpox Live vaccinia virus Herpes zoster Attenuated virus Human papillomavirus Antigenic fragments of virus

Vaccines for Persons Aged 0– 6 Years § § § § Hepatitis B Rotavirus

Vaccines for Persons Aged 0– 6 Years § § § § Hepatitis B Rotavirus DTa. P Haemophilus influenzae type b Pneumococcal Inactivated poliovirus Influenza

Vaccines for Persons Aged 0– 6 Years § § MMR* Varicella* Hepatitis A Meningococcal

Vaccines for Persons Aged 0– 6 Years § § MMR* Varicella* Hepatitis A Meningococcal * As of 2012 it is not MMRV

Types of Vaccines § Attenuated whole-agent vaccines § MMR vaccine § Inactivated whole-agent vaccines

Types of Vaccines § Attenuated whole-agent vaccines § MMR vaccine § Inactivated whole-agent vaccines § Salk polio vaccine § Toxoids § Tetanus vaccine

Types of Vaccines § Subunit vaccines § Acellular pertussis § Recombinant hepatitis B §

Types of Vaccines § Subunit vaccines § Acellular pertussis § Recombinant hepatitis B § Nucleic acid (DNA) vaccines § West Nile (for horses)