History of Tourism 1 Early Beginnings 4000 BC

History of Tourism 1

Early Beginnings ¬ 4000 BC – invention of money, trade ¬ Sphinx in 2700 BC – Giza, Egypt-attracted people 2

¬ 776 BC 1 st Olympiad -start of sport tourism ¬ 300 BC Roman Empire grows, roads, military, trade ¬ 53, 000 miles 3

Early beginnings – cont’d. ¬ 400 AD – Dark Ages – Roman empire collapses ¬ 600 -1000 AD – Silk road from Xian and African Slave route begins 4

1096 – 1270 AD – Crusades in Holy Land- religious journey 5

More Milestones ¬ 1295 AD – Marco Polo writes on China ¬ 1338 - 1 st passport ¬ 1347 – 1351 – Plague in Europe – loss of life leads to feudal system collapse 6

1500 – Renaissance – art, “Grand Tour”, age of “enlightenment”. 7

Last 500 years ¬ 1700 – 1825 – Industrial Revolution, steam engines, rail, height of Grand Tour ¬ 1841 – Thomas Cook – first travel agency ¬ 1903 – Automobiles, Wright brothers 8

Early 1900’s = postcard craze “Wish you were here” 9

Last 100 years ¬ 1914– 1919 – WWI Technology – air travel ¬ 1920’s – cottages in the Catskills, summer homes ¬ 1930 – 39 Great Depression, travel declines ¬ 1939 -1945 WWII. Technology, nuclear age, Cold War. ¬ Post WWII North America – Dawn of mass tourism. Tourism seen to rebuild Europe. Baby Boomers are born. 10

Last 100 years ¬ 1940 -1960 – factories, jobs, weekends off. ¬Money and time: middle class blossoms ¬ 1944 – Largest road systems are built in US, turnpike - roadside motels, services. ¬ 1950 – seaside seen as healthy, seaside resorts. Niagara Falls 11

Last 50 Years ¬ 1957 – Space Age, 1 st. Jet plane ¬ 1950’s and 60’s. Cars, cars in North America 12

¬ 1960’s – package tours expansion in Mediterranean ¬ 1960’s – Costa del Sol – 6 million visitors in 1960 to 30 million in 1975 ¬ Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex. = Seashore exploitation 13

Last 50 years ¬ 1967 – Expo in Canada, Montreal 14

¬ 1969 – on the moon! ¬ 1979 – Jumbo jets – mass tourism 15

¬ 1980’s – mass tourism splinters, alternative forms of tourism (ecotourism, green tourism) 16

Last 50 years ¬ 1980’s Turkey enters tourism market ¬ 1986 - Expo in Vancouver ¬ 1990’s – Information age, business travel ¬ 2001 – World Trade Center attack ¬ 2002 -3 – Bombings in Bali, Jakarta ¬ 2003 – War in Iraq ¬ 2011 – Protests in Egypt 17

Future ¬People will continue to travel ¬Today, women make up the majority of tourists – especially in cultural sightseeing. ¬I. e. Office ladies from Japan 18

History of Camping ¬ 1920’s – known as “motor-hoboes” ¬ 1920’s Yosemite 65% visitors in private cars ¬ 1922 Mac’s Auto Camp in Santa Cruz ¬ 1930’s – trailers. By 1937, 100, 000 trailers on the road ¬ 1960 -70’s – explosion of camping ¬ 1980’s – close to 50 million campers in US ¬ 1950 – 60’s – breakthrough in Europe 19

Impacts of Tourism Economic Advantages Disadvantages ¬ Employment ¬ Inflation ¬ Profits for hundreds of ¬ Replaces traditional businesses work ¬ Revives depressed areas ¬ Invisible export – source of foreign currency 20

Cultural Impacts Advantages Disadvantages ¬ Passport to peace thru ¬ Stereotyping of understanding other different nationalities people ¬ Cultural interpretation ¬ Preservation of culture 21

Environmental Impacts Advantages ¬ May help protect ¬ Create awareness and appreciation ¬ Sustainable development more important Disadvantages ¬ Pollution, noise, overuse ¬ Use of sensitive areas 22

Social Impacts Advantages ¬ Education ¬ Freedom from local constraints Disadvantages ¬ Increased crime ¬ Sex tourism ¬ Resentment due to gap ¬ Trinketization, demonstration effect, servile attitude 23

Questions? ? The End 24