HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN A NUTSHELL FROM

HISTORY OF THE WORLD IN A NUTSHELL FROM 2010 TILL THE END (IT AIN’T PRETTY) From the Viewpoint of England (the home of Arthur C Clark) Reporting Live from Mars in 2101 Hank Lederer and Brian Toren (Via holographic projection) Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 1

2011 | Internet has a greater reach than television | The first open petaflop supercomputer comes online | Batteries that charge in seconds | 22 nanometre chips are produce in mass Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 2

2012 | Economic growth remains sluggish in many markets | Brain-computer interfaces allowing the paralysed to walk | A cure for baldness | Mars Science Laboratory explores the Red Planet | Barack Obama is re-elected Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 3

2013 | Iran carries out its first nuclear test | 3 D technologies are widespread | | India launches its 2 nd lunar exploration mission Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 4

2014 | James Webb telescope is launched | Personalised DNA sequencing for less than $100 | 16 nm chips are in mass production | MAVEN probe arrives at Mars | Most phone calls are made via the Internet | Brazil hosts the FIFA World Cup Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 5

2015 | Worldwide PC use reaches 2 bn | Nanotech water filters are widespread | The first climate change refugees | New Horizons probe arrives at Pluto | Dawn probe arrives at Ceres | Voyager I enters the heliopause Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 6

2016 | The US military withdraws from Afghanistan |US vehicles are becoming |more fuel-efficient | |Holographic versatile disc (HVD) replaces Blu -Ray |Bio-cameras matching human eye resolution* Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 7

2017 | Total solar eclipse in the USA | Crossrail opens in London | Electronic paper is widespread | Portable laser devices that seal wounds | Teleportation of simple molecules* Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 8

2018 | The ITER experimental fusion reactor is switched on * | The European Extremely Large Telescope is operational | Ubiquitous internet nodes connect appliances, vehicles, etc. | Robot insect spies are in military use | Anti-fat drug is available | The new World Trade Center is complete Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 9

2019 | Computers break the exaflop barrier | Bionic eyes are commercially available | Automated freight transport | The Aral Sea disappears from the map | Global oil demand exceeds 100 million barrels per day Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 10

2020 - 2022 2020 – | | | 2021 – | | Internet use reaches 5 billion worldwide Texting by thinking Complete organ replacements grown from stem cells Holographic TV is mainstream Wholly lifelike CGI "Thoughtcrime" is becoming a reality Fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit 2022 – | Nanotech clothing enters the mass market | Tooth regeneration is transforming dental care Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 11

2020 -2025 2023 –Laser-driven fusion energy makes progress 2024 - The biggest refugee crisis in world history 2025| Medical Nanobots becoming available | Africa and the Middle East are linked by a transcontinental bridge | Progress with longevity extension Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 12

2026 -2029 2026 – | | Rising sea levels are wreaking havoc on the Maldives The United States of Africa is established 2027 – BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India) &China. overtake the G 7 nations 2028 – | | Printed electronics are ubiquitous Amputees can regrow lost limb* | Automation of supermarkets and retail environments Intelligent advertising Titan Saturn. Hank System Mission (TSSM) Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 2029 – | | 13

2030 – 2033 2030 – | Global population is reaching crisis point | India becomes the most populous country in the world | Full weather modeling is perfected 2031 – Married couples are a minority 2032 – | Manned mission to Mars | 4 th generation nuclear power 2033 – | Hypersonic airliners are entering service | Holographic wall Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 14

2035– 2039 2035 Holographic recreations of dead people Robots are dominating the battlefield 2036 -- Bionic eyes that surpass human vision 2037 - Quantum computers are becoming available 2038 - Teleportation of complex organic molecules 2039 – Full immersion virtual reality US population reaches 400 m Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 15

2040 – 2049 2040 - Clean energy is ubiquitous; fossil fuels becoming obsolete 2042 - Nanotech robot swarms are the latest in military hitech * 2044 - Personal storage devices reach the zettabyte scale 2045 - Humans are becoming intimately merged with machines 2049 - Robots are a common feature of homes and workplaces Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 16

2050 -2059 2050 – | | 45% of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed Smaller, faster, hi-tech automobiles 1 in 5 Europeans is Muslem Continent-wide "supergrids" provide much of the world's energy 2053 – | Moore's Law reaches stunning new levels | Genetically engineered "designer babies" for the rich 2055 - Global population plateaus at 9 bn 2057 – Handheld MRI scanners 2059 - Mars population reaches 100 Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 17

2060 -2069 2060 – | Global mass migrations of refugees | Global extinction rates are peaking | Mining operations on the Moon 2062 - Nanofabricators enter the consumer market 2065 – | Longevity treatments that can halt aging | Invisibility suits are in military use 2067 - Male and female salaries are reaching parity 2069 - 100 th anniversary of Apollo 11 Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 18

2070 -2079 2070 – | Fusion power is becoming widespread | Expansion of Moon bases 2072 - Picotechnology is becoming practical 2075 - The ozone layer has fully recovered 2076 - Unmanned probes to Sedna 2079 - Practical flying cars are entering the consumer market Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 19

2080 -2082 2080 • Some humans are more non-biological than biological • Construction of a transatlantic tunnel • Polar bears face extinction • Deadly heat waves plague Europe; traditional agriculture is decimated • 2082 - The USA cedes territory to Mexico Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 20

2083 -2089 2083 - Hyper-intelligent computers 2084 - Androids are entering law enforcement 2085 | Global currency | Macro-scale teleportation is achieved 2085 -2089 - Manned exploration of the Jovian system Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 21

2090 S 2090 - Traditional religions are fading from European culture 2092 - West Antarctica is among fastest growing areas in the world 2095 - Manned exploration of the Saturnian system 2099 | Sea levels are wreaking havoc around the world | 83% of the Amazon rainforest has been lost Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 22

FUTURECAST And now, what you all have been waiting for Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 23

2100 -2120 2100 – • Nomadic floating cities are roaming the oceans • The chemistry of Earth's oceans radically altered 2110 – • Terraforming of Mars is underway • Force fields are in military use 2115 - Femtoengineering is becoming possible 2120 – • Mind uploading enters mainstream society • The International Space Elevator is operational Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 24

2125 -2170 2125 - Large-scale civilian settlement of the Moon is underway 2140 - Teleportation of large stationary objects is possible 2150 – • Interstellar travel is becoming possible • Androids physically indistinguishable from real humans (guess who’s coming to dinner) 2170 - The first kilometre-sized space station is complete Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 25

2180 - 2199 2180 – • Antimatter power plants started coming online • Asteroid terrorism 2190 - Matter replication devices are available for the home 2195 – • Global languages are becoming few in number now. 2199 - The West Antarctic ice sheet is beginning to disintegrate Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 26

2200 -2220 2200 – Poverty, hunger and disease are being eradicated worldwide 2210 - A global rewilding effort is underway 2220 – • Mind uploading was available to a multitude of platforms • The Light Year Array operational. The Light Year Array is composed of millions of automated radio telescopes, constructed using self-replicating nanotechnology. Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 27

2230 -2250 2230 - Antimatter-fueled starships - sustained travel at between 0. 9 and 0. 99 c (90 -99% lightspeed) 2240 - Christianity is fading from American culture Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 2250 – All of the Earth's natural energy is being 28

2250 AND BEYOND 2250 late - Humanity is becoming a Type 1 civilisation on the Kardashev scale. The scale is a theoretical method of measuring an advanced civilization's level of technological advancement. Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 29

SIGNS OF KARDASHEV PROGRESS ü By this date, practically all of the Earth's natural energy is being captured and harnessed in some way. ü Vast swathes of land, sea and atmosphere have been transformed into a series of enormous power harvesters ü In space, a geodesic network of power-harvesting stations is now in orbit ü Cyberspace, has supplanted physical reality completely, for many people. ü Accelerated development of the Solar System leads to settlements on Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and Wolf 359 in the th 3 24 th and 25 th centuries Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 30

2300 - SUPERHUMAN POWERS ü If in the year 2000, individuals would be impervious to harm ü ü They could manipulate their environment ü Groups could link and combine their powers to even greater levels like lifting objects weighing of tons or changing weather ü Many citizens will have abandoned their homes altogether and would use booths or alcoves in the street, to recharge and recuperate. ü Much of the Earth is now being transformed into a gigantic computer Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 31

2500 -4000 AD 2500 AD - Mars has been terraformed 2750 AD - Venus has been terraformed 3100 AD - Humanity is becoming a Type 2 civilisation on the Kardashev scale 3500 AD - Solar Ring particle accelerator completed 4000 AD - Computer science is reaching its ultimate potential Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 32

10000 -100000 10000 -15000 AD - The hypernova of Eta Carinae is affecting us 1, 000 AD - Planet-sized computers & descendants of humanity are becoming a Type 3 civilisation on the Kardashev scale 10, 000 AD - T Pyxidis is threatening Earth with lethal levels of gamma radiation 50, 000 AD - Africa collides with Europe Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 100, 000 AD – Bu now contact has been made with an 33

200000 - 300000 225, 000 AD - Sol completes one galactic year 250, 000 AD - A supercontinent is forming on Earth 600, 000 AD - Total solar eclipses are no longer possible on Earth 1, 000, 000 AD - Earth is becoming too hot to support liquid water 3, 000, 000 AD - The Andromeda Galaxy has begun to collide and merge with our own Milky Way galaxy Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 34

5 X 109 – 10 X 1028 5, 000, 000 AD - Sol is a red giant 12, 000, 000 AD - Sol has shrunk to become a black dwarf 1, 000, 000 AD - Star formation is declining in many galaxies 2, 000, 000 AD - Galaxies beyond the Local Supercluster are no longer visible 20, 000, 000 AD - Red dwarf stars are dying 100, 000, 000 AD - The end of the stellar era Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 5 X 109 – 10 X 1028 AD - The degenerate era of the universe 35

1028 AD - THE END The black hole era of the universe THE END Hank Lederer & Brian Toren - 5/15/2010 36