HISTORY OF THE ATOMIC THEORY HISTORY OF ATOMIC

HISTORY OF THE ATOMIC THEORY

HISTORY OF ATOMIC THEORY • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V= IO 9 WS_HNMYG

ATOMIC STRUCTURE PG. 23

THE ATOM • SMALLEST FORM OF AN ELEMENT THAT STILL RETAINS THAT ELEMENTS PROPERTIES • BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF MATTER • MADE OF: PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS • COMPOSED OF: NUCLEUS AND ELECTRON CLOUD

THE NUCLEUS • POSITIVELY CHARGED • WHERE MASS OF ATOM IS LOCATED • MADE OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS • PROTONS—POSITIVELY CHARGED • NEUTRONS—NEUTRALLY CHARGED **NEUTRONS ACT LIKE GLUE **PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE MADE OF SMALLER PARTICLES CALLED QUARKS

THE ELECTRONS • NEGATIVELY CHARGED • OCCUPY THE “ELECTRON CLOUD” SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS • ELECTRONS ARE NOT MOVING IN PERFECT ORBITS AROUND NUCLEUS AND ARE UNPREDICTABLE SO CLOUD GIVES US APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF WHERE ELECTRONS ARE

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

PROPERTIES OF ATOMS INSIDE THE SQUARES…

ATOMIC NUMBER • NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM • EACH ELEMENT HAS ITS OWNSPECIFIC ATOMIC NUMBER • IN A NEUTRAL ATOM, THIS IS ALSO THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

MASS NUMBER • SUM OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF A SPECIFIC ISOTOPE OF AN ATOM • MASS NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ISOTOPE= #NEUTRONS + #PROTONS

(AVERAGE) ATOMIC MASS • AN AVERAGE MASS OF EACH OF THE DIFFERENT ISOTOPES FOUND FOR THAT ELEMENT IN NATURE • FOR EXAMPLE, CHLORINE HAS TWO DIFFERENT ISOTOPES (SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS, DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS). IF YOU TAKE THE AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS OF EVERY SINGLE CHLORINE ATOM THAT EXISTS, THE AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS WOULD BE 35. 453 AMU

ATOMIC BASICS VIDEOS • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V= EMDRB 2 LQL 7 E • HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=S RPEJONKTKE