HISTORY OF RADIO HISTORY OF RADIO Radio owes

HISTORY OF RADIO

HISTORY OF RADIO Radio owes its development to two other inventions, the telegraph and the telephone, all three technologies are closely related. Radio technology began as "wireless telegraphy.

� During the 1860 s, Scottish physicist, James Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of radio waves. � in 1886, German physicist, Heinrich Rudolph Hertz demonstrated that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves. � In 1866, Mahlon Loomis, an American dentist, successfully demonstrated "wireless telegraphy.

� Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, proved the feasibility of radio communication. � He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the English Channel. � This was the first successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message in 1902.

� In addition to Marconi, two of his contemporaries Nikola Tesla is now credited with being the first person to patent radio technology; the Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent in 1943 in favor of Tesla.

� On March 8, 1916, Harold Power with his radio company American Radio and Research Company (AMRAD), broadcast the first continuous broadcast in the world. � Inventor Edwin Howard Armstrong is credited with developing many of the features of radio as it is known today. Armstrong patented three important inventions that made today's radio possible.

� Canadian, Reginald A. Fessenden is best known for his invention of the modulation of radio waves and the fathometer. � Fessenden started his own company where he invented the modulation of radio waves, the "heterodyne principle”.

� When the United States entered the first world war in 1917, all radio development was controlled by the U. S. Navy. � In 1919, after the government released its control of all patents, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was established with the purpose of distributing control of the radio patents that had been restricted during the war.

EARLY HISTORY OF BROADCASTING

� � � Reginald Fessenden (1866 -1932) An engineer who had been working on producing voice radio since Marconi's first wireless broadcast across the Atlantic. On Christmas Eve, 1906, read the Christmas story and a violin playing "Silent Night" in his broadcast. The voice wished them a merry Christmas. Charles Herrold of San Jose, California sent out broadcasts In April 1909 from his Herrold School, he was the son of a farmer who patented a seed spreader, based on the ideas of spreading crop seed far and wide. Frank Conrad In 1916, Frank Conrad, an employee for the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, began broadcasting from his Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania garage.

�The First Commercial Radio Station On November 2, 1920, station KDKA made the nation's first commercial broadcast. It was Election Day, and the power of radio was proven when people could hear the results of the Harding-Cox presidential race before they read about it in the newspaper. KDKA was a huge hit, inspiring other companies to take up broadcasting. In four years there were 600 commercial stations around the country. To keep up with the cost of improving equipment and paying for performers, stations turned to advertisers. �First Radio Ad In August 1922, the first radio ad, for a real estate developer, was aired in New York City.

� Radio in education soon followed and colleges across the U. S. began adding radio broadcasting courses to their curricula. Curry College in Milton introduced one of the first broadcasting majors in 1932 when the college teamed up with WLOE in Boston to have students broadcast programs.

� On August 20, 1920 the first commercial radio station in the United States -- 8 MK from Detroit -- began broadcasting. The station was known first as 8 MK, then on October 21, 1921, it became WBL when it received its commercial license. Its name was changed finally to WWJ a few months later. � WWJ was 1 st station to broadcast a news program on August 31, 1920. Moreover, it is first radio station to broadcast a piano accordion recital through the airwaves.

NBC (National Broadcasting Company) In 1926, RCA (Radio Corporation of America) formed the first national network, called NBC (National Broadcasting Company). Their first nationwide broadcast was the 1927 Rose Bowl football game from Pasadena. � British Broadcasting Company (BBC) In 1922 a consortium of radio manufacturers formed the British Broadcasting Company (BBC). This broadcast continued until its license expired at the end of 1926. �

RADIO IN SUB-CONTINENT

The destruction and devastation of the war was so horrible and painful that the minds of the time were forced to think how to save people from the monster of wars in future. In creating awareness and hatred against the effects and after effects of the war, radio played a very vital role. Discussions against war, speeches of peace lovers and talks highlighting the aftereffects of wars were started being broadcast which led the world to have a set-up like UNITED NATIONS to save the world from war

March 1926 The Indian Broadcasting Company. A private company was formed. � 23 rd July, 1927 IBC started a station at Bombay. The beginning of broadcasting in sub-continent. � 1928 A small transmitting station was set up at Lahore. � April 1930 Broadcasting under the direct control of Govt. under the title of Indian State Broadcasting Service � Jan 1934 The Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act 1933 came into force. � Jan 1935 Peshawar Radio Station was set up by NWFP Government 250 watts transmitter. Radio News, Reporting and Production MCM 515 VU �

Radio News, Reporting and Production MCM 515 VU � Jan 1936 Delhi Radio Station was Opened. A. S. Bukhari Station Director. � June 1936 Indian State Broadcasting Service was changed into All India Radio. � Dec 1937 The Lahore Radio Station went on air � 1939 Dhaka Radio station was opened � 12 th Nov 1939 Quaid-e-Azam's first radio broadcast from Bombay on Eid-Day � July 1942 Peshawar Radio Station formally inaugurated � 3 rd June 1947 Quaid-e-Azam makes historic address on All India Radio and announces the creation of newly ndependent state of Pakistan for the Muslims of the Sub-Continent

RADIO PAKISTAN

"Pakistan, the largest Muslim state and the fifth one in the world came into being with the click of clock at midnight last night. The dream became a reality in the unbelievable short span of six years in the face of the Faith in God, with unity and discipline among their ranks and convinced of the great role destined for them in the comity of nations, the dynamic people of Pakistan shall now march on to achieve their cherished goal. "

� Pakistan Broadcasting corporation, Public radio broadcasting network � Aug 14‚ 1947 Pakistan comes into being and the announcement of its creation is made by the new organization‚ the Pakistan Broadcasting Service which comes into existence at the same time and later designated as Radio Pakistan. � At time of independence Pakistan possessed three radio stations, at Dhaka , Lahore and Peshawar � In 1948 new stations at Karachi and Rawalpindi was opened.

� The first speech that is on air after independence was: � "Pakistan, the largest Muslim state and the fifth one in the world came into being with the click of clock at midnight last night. The dream became a reality in the unbelievable short span of six years in the face of the stiffest opposition. Faith in God, with unity and discipline among their ranks and convinced of the great role destined for them in the comity of nations, the dynamic people of Pakistan shall now march on to achieve their cherished goal.

� � Rehabilitation of Muhajerin Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan. Besides their reh abilitation, their consolation was also a big challenge to be taken up. Radio programs were specially designed to courage and strengthens muhajarens India's onslaught on Kashmir-1948 and Radio Immediate after the independence, india let its forces into kashmir that was in all aspects near to pakistan than India. Rawalpindi radio station 3 broadcast programmes to assure kashmiris that at that hour of trial they were not alone. 11 th. Sep. 1948 Quaid-e-Azam passed away Shakeel Ehmad read the news with graphic and moving des cription. Sep. 1965 India again assaults Pakistan. -radio fought along with nation and army

ROLE OF RADIO DURING WAR OF 1965

• • The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. This conflict became known as the Second Kashmir War and was fought by India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir, the first having been fought in 1947.

• • The war began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. It ended in a United Nations (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration.

� Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the International Border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001– 2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. � Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear.

� Radio , 24 hours perform their role during war. Radio update all the news of war for Pakistanis. Ayub khan’s speech was delivered on radio for Pakistan army to show our support and prayers to the Pakistan army. � Other than this, Noor Jahan songs are broadcast on radio to bring encouragement to Pakistan army like, Ae watan kay sajeelay jawano, Mere naghmay tumharay leeyay hain.

The foundation stone of PBC headquarter , islamabad building was laid by former president Mr. zulifqar Ali Bhutto on 27 th April, 1972. � After the new constituation had been formed and brought inti effect in 1973, the parliament passed ‘PBC Act 1973” � “to publish, circulate, distribute and regulate news and information in any part of the world in any manner” � “to broadcast such programmes as may promote islamic ideology, national unity and principles of democracy, freedom equality, tolerance and social justice as enunicated by islam, discourage parochial, racial, tribal, sectarian, linguistic and provincial prejudices and reflect the urges and aspirations of people of pakistan” �

� Home services � World services � External services � PBc services (news & curent affairs) � Sautul Qur’an � FM-101 ( 1 oct , 1998) � FM-93 � FM-94. 6

� Broadcast 149 news bulletins in 31 languages daily � Covering world, national and regional news as well as sports, business and weather reports.

� Abida parveen � Alan faqeer � Sanam marvi � Film stars: � Mustafa quershi � Muhammad ali � Syed saleh Muhammah shah � Anwar solangi