HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE CELL TISSUE CULTURE

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HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE CELL & TISSUE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY PTT 305 By: Miss

HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE CELL & TISSUE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY PTT 305 By: Miss Amira Farzana Samat

What’s the history? • 1838 – Schwann and Schleiden put forward theory which states

What’s the history? • 1838 – Schwann and Schleiden put forward theory which states that cells are totipotent, and in principle, are capable of regenerating into a complete plant. • Their theory was the foundation of plant cell and tissue culture.

Schleiden & Schwann (1839) • Based on cell theory by Schwann and Schleiden on

Schleiden & Schwann (1839) • Based on cell theory by Schwann and Schleiden on 1838 stated each cell unit is independent and every differentiated cell still maintain information from the first cell, the fertelised egg cell. • Founder of totipotency theory. Cells are autonomic and capable of regenerating to a complete plant.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden • Born in Hamburg, Schleiden was educated at Heidelberg, then practiced

Matthias Jakob Schleiden • Born in Hamburg, Schleiden was educated at Heidelberg, then practiced law in Hamburg, but soon developed his love for the botany into a full-time pursuit. • Schleiden preferred to study plant structure under the microscope. While a professor of botany at the University of Jena, he wrote Contributions to Phytogenesis (1838), in which he stated that the different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden • Schleiden was one of the first German biologists to accept

Matthias Jakob Schleiden • Schleiden was one of the first German biologists to accept Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. He became professor of botany at the University of Dorpat in 1863. • He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells and that an embryonic plant organism arises from the one cell. • He died in Frankfurt am Main on 23 June 1881

Theodor Schwann • Theodor Schwann (7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a

Theodor Schwann • Theodor Schwann (7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German physiologist. • His many contributions to biology include the development of cell theory, the discovery of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, the discovery and study of pepsin, the discovery of the organic nature of yeast, and the invention of the term metabolism.

Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902) • 1889: A germany botanist, G. Haberlandt, was the first scientist

Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902) • 1889: A germany botanist, G. Haberlandt, was the first scientist proved the cell theory. • Able to isolated cell from plant but failed to proliferate (multiply). • For his pioneering works paving the way for tissue culture research he is rightfully recognized as 'The father of plant tissue culture'

What’s the history? • 1902 – Haberlandt conducted the tissue culture first but unsuccessful

What’s the history? • 1902 – Haberlandt conducted the tissue culture first but unsuccessful attempt of using monocotyledons. • 1926 - FW Went demonstrated that there were growth substances in coleoptiles from oats.

What’s the history? • 1934 - White generated continuously growing culture of meristematic cells

What’s the history? • 1934 - White generated continuously growing culture of meristematic cells of tomato on medium containing salts, yeast extract, sucrose and 3 vitamins (pyridoxine, thiamine, nicotinic acid). • This established the importance of additives in tissue culture.

What’s the history? • 1939 - continuously cultures of tobacco. Successful growing carrot and

What’s the history? • 1939 - continuously cultures of tobacco. Successful growing carrot and • 1948 - Formation of adventitious shoots and roots in tobacco. • 1952 - Virus-free Dahlia through meristem culture. • 1952 - First successful micrografts.

What’s the history? • 1953 - Miller and Skoog discovered kinetin, a cytokinin that

What’s the history? • 1953 - Miller and Skoog discovered kinetin, a cytokinin that plays an active role in organogenesis. • 1953 – Haploid callus of Ginkgo biloba produced from pollen. • 1954 – First plant grown from a single cell. • 1957 - Discovery that root or shoot formation in culture depends on auxin: cytokinin ratio.

What’s the history? • 1958 – Regeneration of somatic embryos in vitro from citrus.

What’s the history? • 1958 – Regeneration of somatic embryos in vitro from citrus. • 1958 - Pro-embryo formation in callus clumps and cell suspension of carrot. • 1960 - Enzymatic degradation of cell wall for protoplast formation. • 1960 - Vegetative propagation of orchids by meristem culture.

What’s the history? • 1962 - Development of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium.

What’s the history? • 1962 - Development of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Toshio Murashige Folke K. Skoog

What’s the history? • 1965 – Induction of flowering in tobacco tissue in vitro.

What’s the history? • 1965 – Induction of flowering in tobacco tissue in vitro. • 1966 - Steward demonstrated totipotency by regenerating carrot plants from single cells of tomato. • In the 60’s and 70’s - Murashige cloned plants in vitro: • Raised haploid plants from pollen grains in many plant species. • First achievement of protoplast fusion

What’s the history? • In the 70’s and 80’s - beginning of genetic engineering.

What’s the history? • In the 70’s and 80’s - beginning of genetic engineering. • 1922: one of G. Haberlandt student’s successfully isolated and proliferated the meristem of a root’s cell. • Cell culture also adopted a cell totipotency concept where every cell is capable to develop into a complete organism.

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1838 Totipotency theory (Schwann

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1838 Totipotency theory (Schwann and Scheilden) – cells are autonomic, and in principle, are capable of regenerating to give a complete plant • 1902 First attempt at plant tissue culture (Haberlandt) • 1939 Successful continuously growing callus culture (Gautheret, Nobecourt and White)

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1971 First plants regenerated

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1971 First plants regenerated from protoplasts (Takebe et al. ) Protoplasts in tobacco leaf cells

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1974 Induction of axillary

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1974 Induction of axillary branching by cytokinin in excised Gerbera shoot tips (Murashige et al. ). Regeneration of haploid Petunia hybrida plants from protoplasts (Binding). Biotransformation in plant tissue cultures (Reinhard). Discovery that the Ti-plasmid was the tumour inducing principle of Agrobacterium (Zaenen et al. ; Larebeke et al. )

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1981 Introduction of the

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1981 Introduction of the term somaclonal variation (Larkin and Scowcroft). Isolation of auxotrophs by large scale screening of cell colonies derived from haploid protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia treated with mutagens (Siderovet al. ) • 1984 Transformation of plant cells with plasmid DNA (Paszkowski et al. )

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1987 Development of biolistic

Important discoveries in the history of plant tissue culture • 1987 Development of biolistic gene transfer method for plant transformation(Sanford et al. ; Klein et al. ) • 1987 Isolation of Bt gene for bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis) (Barton et al. )

MISS AMIRA FARZANA SAMAT Contact: 013 -3679005 E-mail: amirafarzana 88@yahoo. com Office: Bilik Pensyarah

MISS AMIRA FARZANA SAMAT Contact: 013 -3679005 E-mail: amirafarzana 88@yahoo. com Office: Bilik Pensyarah Haz Melati (Opposite Mdm Rozaini‘s)