History of Neurology New York Neurology Part IV

History of Neurology New York Neurology Part IV ________________ • • Robert Foster Kennedy MD Harold George Wolff MD Robert J. Joynt MD Fred Plum MD

Robert Foster Kennedy MD (1884 -1952) • B. Belfast • Med school Belfast, Final exams Dublin 1906 • Queens Square Neurology resident Mentors Gowers, Jackson, Horsley, Head • 1910 joined New York Neurological Institute (new) • 1911 WW 1 - Founded French Military Hosp, • Then British unit-numerous medals • Bellevue Hosp. & Prof of Neurology at Cornell • At Neurological Institute 1914 -1938 • Succeeded Charles Dana • Took care of Winston Churchill in 1931 in NYC, when he was hit by a car. –scalp wounds • President ANA 1940

Robert Foster Kennedy MD (1884 -1952) Foster Kennedy Syndrome . • 1911 -”Retrobulbar neuritis as an exact diagnostic sign of certain tumours and abscesses in the frontal lobe”, in: American Journal of Medical Sciences, 162: 355 -368 (1911) Foster Kennedy Syndrome • Optic atrophy in the ipsilateral eye • Disc edema in the contralateral eye • Central scotoma (loss of vision in the middle of the visual fields) in the ipsilateral eye • Anosmia (loss of smell) ipsilaterally • Due to optic nerve comp, CP) forms mass (meningioma)

Robert Foster Kennedy MD (1884 -1952) Darker side • Suggested widespread eugenical sterilization and castration • At Am Psych Assoc in 1941, he called for the extermination of incurably severely retarded children over the age of five • Goal- relieve "the utterly unfit" and "nature's mistakes" of the "agony of living" and save parents cost of caring for them Kennedy, F. Sterilization and eugenics. J. Obstetr Gynecol 1937; 34: 519 Kennedy, F. The problem of social control of the congenital defective: education, sterilization, euthanasia. Am J Psychiatry 1942; 99: 13 -16 Psychiatry during the Nazi era: ethical lessons for the modern professional; Rael D Strous; Annals of General Psychiatry 2007, 6: 8

Harold George Wolff MD (1898 -1962) • • • B New York City HMS MD (1923) studied under Cobb Worked with Lennox & Forbes @ BCH Researched- relations of nerves surrounding cerebral vessels & study of headaches @ BCH Studied in Austria (Loewi) & in Leningrad (Pavlov) Cornell Med Center-Head of Neurology (19321962) Ed: Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry 1956, then Archives of Neurology 1959 539 pages (14 books) Book: Wolff’s Headaches and Other Head Pain – 1 st edition 1948; 8 editions (last 2008)

Robert J Joynt MD (1925 -2012) • • • • Bakers Clinical Neurology B Le Mars, Iowa WWII; US Army Signal Corps 1944 -46 Med School- U. Iowa, intern Montreal (Royal Victoria) Fullbright fellowship at Cambridge (Caius college) Neuro residency at U Iowa 1954 -57 1957 -66 Asst/Assoc Prof Iowa, Masters/Ph. D Anatomy 1966 -U. Rochester founding chair of Dept. (Neuro) Huge growth in dept. – national prominence Dean 1985, then VP Health Affairs President AAN 1977 -79, & ANA 1987 -89 Editor Archives of Neurology (now JAMA Neurology) Founding editor Seminars of Neurology Edited Baker’s Clinical Neurology 2012 - Died on way from office to Neuro Grand Rounds Succeeded as chair by Robert C (Berch) Griggs was Chairman from 1986 -2008

Fred Plum MD (1924 -2010) • • • • B Atlantic City, NJ Dartmouth undergrad; Cornell MD (1947) neuro residency Cornell Chief of Neurology at Univ WA (Seattle) in 1953; age 29 Returned to Cornell (1963), Chair of Neuro (1968 -1998) (He succeeded Wolff) Created a respiratory center for comatose pts Developed guidelines for unconscious & coma Book: The Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma in 1966 with Jerome Posner; 4 editions, (last 2007) Jerome Posner trained him in Seattle Developed Glasgow Coma Scale with Neurosurgeon Byron Jennett Termed “locked-in Syndrome” Termed- “persistent vegetative state” Retired in 1998 Died of primary progressive aphasia/dementia

Plum & Posner’s Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma 4 Editions 1 st Edition . 1966 2 nd Edition 1972 3 rd Edition –My residency book 1980 Is this a dead book? Or a vegetative state? !? !? 4 th Edition 2007